HSK 3 Standard Course Study Guide

HSK 3 Standard Course: Comprehensive Study Guide

Course Information

• Lead Author: Jiang Liping ($Jiāng Lìpìng$)
• Authors: Yu Miao ($Yú Miǎo$), Li Lin ($Lǐ Lín$)
• Publisher: Beijing Language and Culture University Press

Lesson 1: 周末你有什么打算? (What's your plan for the weekend?)

Vocabulary

• 周末 ($zhōumò$): n. weekend
• 打算 ($dǎsuàn$): n./v. plan; to intend
• 啊 ($a$): part. used at sentence end for confirmation or defense
• 跟 ($gēn$): prep. with
• 一直 ($yìzhí$): adv. all the time
• 游戏 ($yóuxì$): n. game
• 作业 ($zuòyè$): n. homework
• 着急 ($zháojí$): adj. worried, anxious
• 复习 ($fùxí$): v. to review
• 南(方) ($nán (fāng)$): n. south, southern part
• 北方 ($běifāng$): n. north, northern part
• 面包 ($miànbāo$): n. bread
• 带 ($dài$): v. to take along, to bring
• 地图 ($dìtú$): n. map
• 搬 ($bān$): v. to move, to carry

Proper Nouns

• 小丽 ($Xiǎolì$): Xiaoli
• 小刚 ($Xiǎogāng$): Xiaogang

Grammar and Language Points

1. The Complement of Result "好" ($hǎo$):
      Following a verb, it indicates that an action is not only completed but done satisfactorily.

   • Example: "$饭还没做好，请你等一会儿。$" (The meal isn't ready [satisfactorily finished] yet, please wait a moment.)

2. Negative Structure "一 + Measure Word + Noun + 也/都 + 不/没 + Verb":
      Used to indicate complete negation.

   • Example: "$我一个苹果也不想吃。$" (I don't want to eat even one apple.)
   • Variant: "$一点儿也/都不 + Adj$" for adjectives. Example: "$他一点儿也不累。$" (He is not tired at all.)

3. Conjunction "那" ($nà$):
      Used at the start of a sentence to mean "in that case" or "then," based on previous context.

Common Saying

• 不到长城非好汉 ($Bú dào Chángchéng fēi hǎohàn$): "He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man." Used as a metaphor for a positive spirit in overcoming difficulties.

Lesson 2: 他什么时候回来 (When will he come back)

Vocabulary

• 腿 ($tuǐ$): n. leg
• 疼 ($téng$): adj. hurt, painful
• 脚 ($jiǎo$): n. foot
• 树 ($shù$): n. tree
• 容易 ($róngyì$): adj. easy
• 难 ($nán$): adj. difficult
• 太太 ($tàitai$): n. Mrs., madam
• 秘书 ($mìshū$): n. secretary
• 经理 ($jīnglǐ$): n. manager
• 办公室 ($bàngōngshì$): n. office
• 辆 ($liàng$): m. used for vehicles
• 楼 ($lóu$): n. building
• 拿 ($ná$): v. to take, to fetch
• 把 ($bǎ$): m. used for things with a handle (e.g., umbrellas)
• 伞 ($sǎn$): n. umbrella
• 胖 ($pàng$): adj. fat
• 其实 ($qíshí$): adv. actually
• 瘦 ($shòu$): adj. thin

Grammar and Language Points

1. Simple Complements of Direction:
      Uses "$V + 来/去$". "$来$ (lái)" indicates direction toward the speaker; "$去$ (qù)" indicates direction away. If the object is a place, it must precede "$来/去$".

   • Example: "$你上楼去。$" (You go upstairs.)

2. Successive Occurrence of Two Actions:
      Structure: "$V1 了... 就 V2...$". The second action follows the first immediately.

   • Example: "$我下了课就吃饭。$" (I eat as soon as I finish class.)

3. Rhetorical Question "能… 吗?":
      Positive form conveys negative meaning and vice versa.

   • Example: "$你不做作业，能学好吗？$" (You don't do homework, can you learn well? [No, you can't.])

Lesson 3: 桌子上放着很多饮料 (There are plenty of drinks on the table)

Vocabulary

• 还是 ($háishi$): conj. or (question form)
• 或者 ($huòzhě$): conj. or (declarative form)
• 爬山 ($pá shān$): v. to climb a mountain
• 小心 ($xiǎoxīn$): adj. careful
• 条 ($tiáo$): m. for pants, dresses, etc.
• 裤子 ($kùzi$): n. pants
• 记得 ($jìde$): v. to remember
• 衬衫 ($chènshān$): n. shirt
• 元 ($yuán$): m. unit of money
• 新鲜 ($xīnxiān$): adj. fresh
• 甜 ($tián$): adj. sweet
• 只 ($zhǐ$): adv. only, solely
• 放 ($fàng$): v. to put, to place
• 饮料 ($yǐnliào$): n. drink, beverage
• 舒服 ($shūfu$): adj. comfortable
• 花 ($huā$): n. flower
• 绿 ($lǜ$): adj. green

Grammar and Language Points

1. Expression of Existence:
      Structure: "$Location Word + V着 + Numeral + Measure Word + N$ ".

   • Example: "$桌子上放着一杯咖啡。$" (There is a cup of coffee on the table.)
   • Negative: "$Location Word + 没V着 + N$".

2. "会" Indicating Possibility:
      Used for something that hasn't happened yet but is possible.

   • Example: "$你穿得那么少，会感冒的。$" (You are wearing so little, you will catch a cold.)

Lesson 4: 她总是笑着跟客人说话 (She always smiles when talking to customers)

Vocabulary

• 比赛 ($bǐsài$): n. match, competition
• 照片 ($zhàopiàn$): n. photo
• 年级 ($niánjí$): n. grade
• 又 ($yòu$): adv. and
• 聪明 ($cōngming$): adj. clever, smart
• 热情 ($rèqíng$): adj. warm, enthusiastic
• 努力 ($nǔlì$): adj. hard-working
• 总是 ($zǒngshì$): adv. always
• 回答 ($huídá$): v. to answer
• 站 ($zhàn$): v. to stand
• 饿 ($è$): adj. hungry
• 超市 ($chāoshì$): n. supermarket
• 蛋糕 ($dàngāo$): n. cake
• 年轻 ($niánqīng$): adj. young
• 认真 ($rènzhēn$): adj. serious, earnest
• 客人 ($kèrén$): n. customer, guest

Grammar and Language Points

1. Structure "又… 又…":
      Describes a person or thing as having two qualities simultaneously.

   • Example: "$这个西瓜又大又甜。$" (This watermelon is both big and sweet.)

2. Accompanying Action: "V1着(O1) + V2(O2)":
      Indicates two actions happening at once; V1 describes the manner of V2.

   • Example: "$她总是笑着跟客人说话。$" (She always speaks to guests smiling.)

Lesson 5: 我最近越来越胖了 (I am getting fatter and fatter lately)

Vocabulary

• 发烧 ($fā shāo$): v. to have a fever
• 为 ($wèi$): prep. for
• 照顾 ($zhàogù$): v. to take care of
• 用 ($yòng$): v. to need
• 感冒 ($gǎnmào$): v. to catch a cold
• 季节 ($jìjié$): n. season
• 当然 ($dāngrán$): adv. of course
• 春(天) ($chūn (tiān)$): n. spring
• 草 ($cǎo$): n. grass
• 夏(天) ($xià (tiān)$): n. summer
• 裙子 ($qúnzi$): n. dress, skirt
• 最近 ($zuìjìn$): adv. lately, recently
• 越 ($yuè$): adv. more, to a greater degree

Grammar and Language Points

1. "了" Indicating Change:
      Used at the end of a sentence to show a change or a new situation.

   • Example: "$现在天气不那么冷了。$" (It's not that cold anymore.)

2. Structure "越来越 + Adj/Mental Verb":
      Indicates an increase in degree over time. No additional degree adverbs (like "$很$") are used.

   • Example: "$我认识的汉字越来越多。$" (The Chinese characters I know are becoming more and more.)

Lesson 6: 怎么突然找不到了 (Why are they suddenly missing)

Vocabulary

• 眼镜 ($yǎnjìng$): n. glasses
• 突然 ($tūrán$): adv. suddenly
• 离开 ($lí kāi$): v. to leave, to part with
• 清楚 ($qīngchu$): adj. clear, distinct
• 刚才 ($gāngcái$): n. just now
• 帮忙 ($bāng máng$): v. to help
• 特别 ($tèbié$): adv. extraordinarily
• 讲 ($jiǎng$): v. to explain
• 明白 ($míngbai$): adj. clear
• 锻炼 ($duànliàn$): v. to do physical exercise
• 音乐 ($yīnyuè$): n. music
• 公园 ($gōngyuán$): n. park
• 聊天(儿) ($liáo tiān (r)$): v. to chat
• 睡着 ($shuì zháo$): v. to fall asleep
• 更 ($gèng$): adv. more, even more

Grammar and Language Points

1. Complements of Possibility: "V得/不 + Complements":
      Indicates whether a result can or cannot be achieved.

   • Example: "$我看得清楚那个汉字。$" (I can see that character clearly.)
   • Question form: "$V得 + Complement + V不 + Complement?$"

2. "刚" (adv.) vs. "刚才" (n.):
      Both mean a short time ago. "$刚才$ (gāngcái)" implies minutes ago, while "$刚$ (gāng)" can be minutes, days, or months depending on the speaker's view. "$刚$ (gāng)" only appears before the verb.

Lesson 7: 我跟她都认识五年了 (I've known her for five years)

Vocabulary

• 同事 ($tóngshì$): n. colleague
• 以前 ($yǐqián$): n. before, ago
• 银行 ($yínháng$): n. bank
• 久 ($jiǔ$): adj. for a long time
• 感兴趣 ($gǎn xìngqù$): v. to be interested in
• 结婚 ($jié hūn$): v. to marry
• 欢迎 ($huānyíng$): v. to welcome
• 迟到 ($chídào$): v. to be late
• 半 ($bàn$): num. half
• 接 ($jiē$): v. to meet / pick up (sb.)
• 刻 ($kè$): m. quarter
• 差 ($chà$): v. to fall short of

Grammar and Language Points

1. Expressing a Period of Time:
      Structure: "$S + V+了 + Duration + O$".

   • Example: "$她工作了三年。$" (She worked for three years.)
        If the action is ongoing: "$S + V+了 + Duration + O + 了$".
   • Example: "$我学习了一年汉语了。$" (I've been studying Chinese for a year [and still am].)

2. Indicating Time with Quarter/Half:

   • "$一点半$" ($1:30$)
   • "$十二点一刻$" ($12:15$)
   • "$差一刻一点$" ($12:45$)

Lesson 8: 你去哪儿我就去哪儿 (I'll go wherever you go)

Vocabulary

• 又 ($yòu$) vs. 再 ($zài$): "$又$ (yòu)" for already occurred recurrence; "$再$ (zài)" for yet to occur recurrence.
• 满意 ($mǎnyì$): v. to be satisfied
• 电梯 ($diàntī$): n. elevator
• 层 ($céng$): m. used for floors
• 害怕 ($hàipà$): v. to be afraid
• 熊猫 ($xióngmāo$): n. panda
• 见面 ($jiàn miàn$): v. to meet
• 安静 ($ānjìng$): adj. quiet
• 可乐 ($kělé$): n. cola
• 一会儿 ($yíhuìr$): n. a moment
• 马上 ($mǎshàng$): adv. immediately
• 洗手间 ($xǐshǒujiān$): n. bathroom
• 几乎 ($jīhū$): adv. almost
• 变化 ($biànhuà$): v./n. to change; change
• 健康 ($jiànkāng$): adj. healthy
• 重要 ($zhòngyào$): adj. important

Grammar and Language Points

1. Flexible Use of Interrogative Pronouns:
      Connects two same interrogative pronouns with "$就$" (jiù) to refer to the same indefinite thing.
   
   • Example: "$什么东西便宜我就买什么。$" (I will buy whatever is cheap.)

Lesson 9: 她的汉语说得跟中国人一样好 (She speaks Chinese like a native)

Grammar and Language Points

1. Structure "越A越B":
      Indicates B changes with A.

   • Example: "$雨越下越大。$" (The more it rains, the heavier it gets.)

2. Comparative Sentences "A 跟 B 一样 (+ Adj)":
      Indicates A and B are identical in some aspect.

   • Example: "$儿子跟爸爸一样高。$" (The son is as tall as the father.)

Lesson 10: 数学比历史难多了 (Maths is much harder than history)

Vocabulary

• 个子 ($gèzi$): n. height
• 历史 ($lìshǐ$): n. history
• 体育 ($tǐyù$): n. P.E., sports
• 数学 ($shùxué$): n. maths
• 方便 ($fāngbiàn$): adj. convenient
• 自行车 ($zìxíngchē$): n. bicycle
• 骑 ($qí$): v. to ride
• 旧 ($jiù$): adj. old
• 换 ($huàn$): v. to change
• 附近 ($fùjìn$): n. vicinity

Grammar and Language Points

1. Degree Difference in "比" (bǐ) Sentences:
      Structure: "A \bǐ B + Adj + 一点儿/一些/得多/多了".

   • Example: "$数学比历史难多了。$" (Maths is much harder than history.)

2. Approximate Numbers:
      Using adjacent digits: "$一两个小时 (one or two hours)$", "$三四个 (three or four)$", "$七八分钟 (7-8 minutes)$".

Lesson 11: 别忘了把空调关了 (Don't forget to turn off the air conditioner)

Vocabulary

• 图书馆 ($túshūguǎn$): n. library
• 词典 ($cídiǎn$): n. dictionary
• 空调 ($kōngtiáo$): n. air conditioner
• 左右 ($zuǒyòu$): Indicates approximate numbers (e.g., "$两点左右$" - about 2 o'clock).

Grammar Points

1. Basic "把" (bǎ) Sentence:
      Structure: "$A 把 B + V + 其他(qítā)$". A is the agent, B is a specific object already known to the speaker.
   
   • Example: "$帮我把这本词典还了吧。$" (Help me return this dictionary.)

Lesson 13: 我是走回来的 (I walked back)

Language Points

1. Compound Complements of Direction:
      Structure: "$Verb + 简单趋向补语 + 来/去$".

   • Example: "$老师拿出一本书来。$" (The teacher took out a book.)

2. Structure "一边… 一边…":
      Indicates two actions performed simultaneously.

   • Example: "$妈妈一边唱歌一边做饭。$" (Mom sings while specifically cooking.)

Lesson 15: 其他都没什么问题 (The rest of them are all OK)

Grammar Points

1. Structure "除了… 以外, 都/还/也…":

   • With "$都$": "All except…"
   • With "$还/也$": "Besides…"

2. Degree Expression "极了":

   • Example: "$满意极了$" (Extremely satisfied).

Lesson 17: 谁都有办法看好你的“病” (Everybody is able to cure your "disease")

Language Points

1. Reduplication of Disyllabic Verbs (ABAB):

   • Example: "$休息休息$ (xiūxi xiūxi)" - to take a brief rest / try to rest.

2. Non-interrogative Interrogative Pronouns:
      Interrogative pronouns can represent "everyone" or "everything."

   • Example: "$谁都懂。$" (Everyone understands.)

Lesson 20: 我被他影响了 (I've been influenced by him)

Grammar Points

1. The "被" (bèi) Sentence (Passive Voice):
      Structure: "S (\bèi/jiào/ràng) + O + V + 其他".

   • Example: "$我的照相机被谁拿走了？$" (Who was my camera taken by?)

2. Structure "只有… 才…":
      Indicates a unique necessary condition.

   • Example: "$只有努力，才能成功。$" (Only through hard work can one succeed.)", "title": "HSK 3 Standard Course Study Guide"} ```