Humanities- Geography

🌍 1. Map of the World — Continents & Oceans

Continents (7)

Memorise these exactly:

• Asia

• Africa

• North America

• South America

• Antarctica

• Europe

• Australia

👉 Tip: Asia is biggest. Australia is smallest. Antarctica is coldest.

Oceans (5)

• Pacific Ocean (BIGGEST)

• Atlantic Ocean

• Indian Ocean

• Southern Ocean

• Arctic Ocean (SMALLEST)

👉 The Pacific Ocean is between Australia and the Americas

🌐 2. Lines of Latitude

These are imaginary horizontal lines

MOST IMPORTANT ONES:

• Equator → 0°

• Tropic of Cancer → 23.5° N

• Tropic of Capricorn → 23.5° S

• Arctic Circle

• Antarctic Circle

What they mean:

👉 Australia is near Tropic of Capricorn

🌱 3. Biomes of the World — Locations

Memorise examples:

🌡 4. Biome Climate Features

Memorise this table:

🐪 5. Animal & Plant Adaptations

This is VERY important.

Desert

Problem: no water

Adaptations:

Animals:

• store water

• active at night

• light colour

Plants:

• thick stems

• small leaves

• deep roots

Example: cactus

Rainforest

Problem: too much rain, dark

Adaptations:

Plants:

• big leaves

• drip tips

Animals:

• climb trees

• camouflage

Tundra

Problem: freezing

Adaptations:

Animals:

• thick fur

• fat layer

Plants:

• grow low

📊 6. Climate Graph — How to Read

Climate graph shows:

Temperature + rainfall

IMPORTANT:

Blue bars = rainfall (mm)

Red line = temperature (°C)

mm means:

millimetres of rain

More mm = more rain

Temperature = degrees Celsius

Higher line = hotter