AP Psychology Unit 1 People to Know

Wihelm Wundt: Structuralism, set up first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany in 1879; 

known for training subjects in introspection and for his theory of structuralism

William James: Functionalism, published The Principles of Psychology, the science's first textbook; responsible for theory of functionalism

Sigmund Freud: Revolutionized psychology with his psychoanalytic theory; believed the unconscious mind must be examined through dream analysis, word association, and other psychoanalytic therapy techniques; criticized for being unscientific and creating unverifiable theories

Margaret Washburn: first woman to earn a Ph.D. in psychology

G. Stanley Hall:student of William James who pioneered he study of child development and was the first president of the APA

Max Werthemier: Gestalt psychologist who argued against dividing human thought and behavior into discrete structures

John Watson: behavioral psychologist who believed the science must limit itself to observable phenomena; led the Little Albert Experiment

Ivan Pavlov: experimental neurologist and physiologist known for his discovery of classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs.

B.F. Skinner: behaviorist who expanded the basic ideas of behaviorism to include the idea of reinforcement- environmental stimuli that either encourage or discourage certain responses

Abraham Maslow: Humanistic, created Maslow's hierarchy of needs, a theory of psychological health predicated on fulfilling innate human needs in priority, culminating in self-actualization

Carl Rodgers: one of the founders of humanistic psychology and was known especially for his person-centered psychotherapy.

Mary Whiton Calkins: published The Principles of Psychology, the science's first textbook; responsible for theory of functionalism

Charles Darwin: Evolutionary psychology is inspired by the work of Charles Darwin and applies his ideas of natural selection to the mind. Darwin's theory argues that all living species, including humans, arrived at their current biological form through a historical process involving random inheritable changes.

Jean Piaget: came up with a cognitive developmental theory, which focuses on how our cognitions develop in stages as we mature