Level 4 Academic Vocabulary Study Guide

Unit 1 Vocabulary

• automated (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Run by a machine rather than a human
  • Page Number: 12
  • CEFR Level: OFF

• come up with

  • Part of Speech: Verb Phrase (v phr)
  • Definition: To think of
  • Page Number: 4
  • CEFR Level: B2

• cut down on

  • Part of Speech: Verb Phrase (v phr)
  • Definition: To reduce
  • Page Number: 4
  • CEFR Level: B2

• cutting-edge

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Advanced and modern
  • Page Number: 12
  • CEFR Level: C1

• eliminate (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To get rid of
  • Page Number: 12
  • CEFR Level: C1

• germ

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: A tiny organism that causes disease
  • Page Number: 12
  • CEFR Level: C1

• hospitality

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: Friendly and warm reception
  • Page Number: 4
  • CEFR Level: C1

• luxury

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: Great comfort, especially from expensive things
  • Page Number: 12
  • CEFR Level: C1

• modify (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To make small changes to something to improve it
  • Page Number: 12
  • CEFR Level: C1

• monitor

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To closely watch or follow
  • Page Number: 12
  • CEFR Level: C1

• multiple

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Several
  • Page Number: 12
  • CEFR Level: C1

• obsolete

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: No longer produced or used
  • Page Number: 12
  • CEFR Level: C1

• outgoing

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Sociable
  • Page Number: 4
  • CEFR Level: C1

• prestigious

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Well-respected
  • Page Number: 4
  • CEFR Level: C1

• rate

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To judge
  • Page Number: 4
  • CEFR Level: C1

• recruit

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To find workers or members to join an organization
  • Page Number: 4
  • CEFR Level: C1

• rewarding

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Satisfying
  • Page Number: 4
  • CEFR Level: B2

• sustainability (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: Creating the conditions to ensure the earth's long-term survival
  • Page Number: 4
  • CEFR Level: C2

• the norm (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: Standard
  • Page Number: 4
  • CEFR Level: C1

• undergo (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To endure or experience a change
  • Page Number: 12
  • CEFR Level: C1

Unit 2 Vocabulary

• accomplish

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To complete, finish, or achieve successfully
  • Page Number: 32
  • CEFR Level: C1

• affluent

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Wealthy
  • Page Number: 32
  • CEFR Level: C1

• affordable

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Can be bought at a reasonable price
  • Page Number: 24
  • CEFR Level: C1

• authorized

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Received special approval
  • Page Number: 24
  • CEFR Level: C1

• comply (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To obey an order, rule, or request
  • Page Number: 32
  • CEFR Level: C1

• conclude (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To reach a decision after study or research
  • Page Number: 24
  • CEFR Level: C1

• enforce (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To make people obey a law, rule, or regulation
  • Page Number: 32
  • CEFR Level: C1

• ethnic (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Relating to people with the same culture and traditions
  • Page Number: 32
  • CEFR Level: C1

• funds (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: Money for a particular project or purpose
  • Page Number: 24
  • CEFR Level: C1

• highly

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Very; to a great extent; at a high level
  • Page Number: 32
  • CEFR Level: C1

• innovative (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: New and creative
  • Page Number: 24
  • CEFR Level: C1

• internalize (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To make a belief part of your way of thinking
  • Page Number: 32
  • CEFR Level: OFF

• linguistic (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Having to do with language
  • Page Number: 32
  • CEFR Level: C1

• prioritize (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To give something special importance
  • Page Number: 24
  • CEFR Level: OFF

• regulate (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To control
  • Page Number: 24
  • CEFR Level: C1

• renovation

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: Repairs or improvements
  • Page Number: 24
  • CEFR Level: C1

• restrict (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To limit, often by official rules or laws
  • Page Number: 32
  • CEFR Level: C1

• subsequently (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Adverb (adv)
  • Definition: Happening after something else
  • Page Number: 24
  • CEFR Level: C1

• sustainable (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Lasting or continuing for a long time
  • Page Number: 24
  • CEFR Level: C1

• unique (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Existing in only one place or situation
  • Page Number: 32
  • CEFR Level: B2

Unit 3 Vocabulary

• alarming

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Shocking or frightening
  • Page Number: 44
  • CEFR Level: C1

• constitute (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To compose or form
  • Page Number: 44
  • CEFR Level: C1

• distinct (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Clear or clearly different
  • Page Number: 44
  • CEFR Level: C1

• drawback

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: A disadvantage
  • Page Number: 52
  • CEFR Level: C1

• envision

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To have or form a mental picture
  • Page Number: 44
  • CEFR Level: OFF

• evolve (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To change and develop gradually
  • Page Number: 44
  • CEFR Level: C1

• excessive

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: More than is necessary, normal, or desirable
  • Page Number: 44
  • CEFR Level: C1

• exclusive (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Restricted to a certain group
  • Page Number: 44
  • CEFR Level: B2

• fabric (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: Cloth material used to make clothing, furniture, etc.
  • Page Number: 52
  • CEFR Level: C1

• imaginative

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Having or showing creativity
  • Page Number: 52
  • CEFR Level: C1

• influential (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Able to affect the opinions of others
  • Page Number: 52
  • CEFR Level: C1

• mainstream

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Normal or typical; popular with many people
  • Page Number: 52
  • CEFR Level: C2

• perceive (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To recognize; to be aware of
  • Page Number: 44
  • CEFR Level: C1

• persuasive

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Good at making others do or believe something
  • Page Number: 52
  • CEFR Level: C1

• practical

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Sensible; useful; not foolish
  • Page Number: 52
  • CEFR Level: B2

• random (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Chosen without a method or plan
  • Page Number: 44
  • CEFR Level: C1

• ratio (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: A proportion, e.g., 2:1
  • Page Number: 44
  • CEFR Level: C1

• retail

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Relating to the sale of products in shops to customers
  • Page Number: 52
  • CEFR Level: C1

• texture

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: The way something feels when you touch it
  • Page Number: 52
  • CEFR Level: C1

• underestimate (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To think that something is less important than it actually is
  • Page Number: 52
  • CEFR Level: B2

Unit 4 Vocabulary

• anticipate (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To expect or predict
  • Page Number: 72
  • CEFR Level: C1

• application

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: Putting something to a special use or purpose
  • Page Number: 72
  • CEFR Level: C2

• capability (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: The ability to do something
  • Page Number: 72
  • CEFR Level: C1

• collaborate

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To work together
  • Page Number: 72
  • CEFR Level: C1

• competency (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: The ability to do something well
  • Page Number: 64
  • CEFR Level: C1

• component (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: A part of a larger whole
  • Page Number: 64
  • CEFR Level: C1

• enrich

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To improve
  • Page Number: 72
  • CEFR Level: C1

• facilitate (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To make something easier or more efficient
  • Page Number: 64
  • CEFR Level: C1

• implication (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: A suggestion that is made without saying anything directly
  • Page Number: 72
  • CEFR Level: C1

• in demand

  • Part of Speech: Adjective Phrase (adj phr)
  • Definition: Wanted or needed by many
  • Page Number: 64
  • CEFR Level: C1

• inevitably (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Adverb (adv)
  • Definition: Certainly, necessarily
  • Page Number: 64
  • CEFR Level: C1

• insert (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To put something into something else
  • Page Number: 72
  • CEFR Level: C1

• integrate (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To make something part of a larger process, system, etc.
  • Page Number: 64
  • CEFR Level: C1

• labor (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: Work or employment
  • Page Number: 64
  • CEFR Level: C1

• portable

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Able to be carried
  • Page Number: 72
  • CEFR Level: C1

• prominent (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Most noticeable or important
  • Page Number: 72
  • CEFR Level: C1

• retain (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To keep
  • Page Number: 64
  • CEFR Level: C2

• sector (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: An area of society or economy
  • Page Number: 64
  • CEFR Level: C1

• state-of-the-art

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: In the latest stage of technological development
  • Page Number: 72
  • CEFR Level: OFF

• widespread (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Existing or happening over a large area
  • Page Number: 64
  • CEFR Level: C1

Unit 5 Vocabulary

• alert

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Quick to notice and react
  • Page Number: 84
  • CEFR Level: C1

• clarify (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To explain
  • Page Number: 92
  • CEFR Level: C1

• courageous

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Brave
  • Page Number: 92
  • CEFR Level: C1

• detect (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To discover or notice
  • Page Number: 84
  • CEFR Level: C1

• exceptional

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Rare
  • Page Number: 92
  • CEFR Level: C2

• exposure (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: The state of being in contact with something
  • Page Number: 84
  • CEFR Level: C1

• instinct (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: A fixed pattern of behavior
  • Page Number: 92
  • CEFR Level: C2

• irrational (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Not logical or reasonable
  • Page Number: 84
  • CEFR Level: C2

• motivate (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To excite
  • Page Number: 92
  • CEFR Level: C1

• obstacle

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: A barrier
  • Page Number: 92
  • CEFR Level: C1

• portray (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To represent
  • Page Number: 92
  • CEFR Level: C2

• predator (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: A hunter
  • Page Number: 92
  • CEFR Level: C1

• scan

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To examine using a piece of equipment
  • Page Number: 84
  • CEFR Level: C1

• scare

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To frighten
  • Page Number: 84
  • CEFR Level: C1

• struggle

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To have difficulty
  • Page Number: 92
  • CEFR Level: B2

• therapist

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: Someone trained to help with physical or psychological issues
  • Page Number: 84
  • CEFR Level: C1

• trigger (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To cause to happen
  • Page Number: 84
  • CEFR Level: C1

• uncertainty

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: Doubt
  • Page Number: 92
  • CEFR Level: C1

• verify

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To confirm the truth of something
  • Page Number: 84
  • CEFR Level: C1

• weaken

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To cause to lose energy or power
  • Page Number: 84
  • CEFR Level: C1

Unit 6 Vocabulary

• accustomed to

  • Part of Speech: Adjective Phrase (adj phr)
  • Definition: Used to; familiar with
  • Page Number: 104
  • CEFR Level: C1

• contradiction (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: A situation containing two opposite truths
  • Page Number: 104
  • CEFR Level: C2

• convert (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To change something from one form to another
  • Page Number: 104
  • CEFR Level: B2

• descendant

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: A member of your family born after you, such as your grandson or granddaughter
  • Page Number: 112
  • CEFR Level: C2

• habitat (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: The environment in which a human or other animal lives
  • Page Number: 112
  • CEFR Level: C1

• hardship

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: A difficulty you have had in your life
  • Page Number: 112
  • CEFR Level: C1

• harsh

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Difficult to endure or survive
  • Page Number: 112
  • CEFR Level: C1

• heritage

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: Cultural roots
  • Page Number: 112
  • CEFR Level: C2

• interaction (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: Communication, trade, or cooperation between people
  • Page Number: 104
  • CEFR Level: C1

• isolated

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Remote or difficult to reach
  • Page Number: 104
  • CEFR Level: C1

• livelihood

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: The way you financially support yourself or your family
  • Page Number: 112
  • CEFR Level: OFF

• materialistic

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Placing great importance on money and possessions
  • Page Number: 104
  • CEFR Level: C2

• preservation

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: Keeping something as it is and protecting it
  • Page Number: 104
  • CEFR Level: C1

• principle (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: A guiding rule or idea
  • Page Number: 104
  • CEFR Level: C1

• profound (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Very deep and serious
  • Page Number: 112
  • CEFR Level: C2

• pursue (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To follow or carry out (an activity, plan, policy, etc.)
  • Page Number: 104
  • CEFR Level: C1

• thrive

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To succeed
  • Page Number: 112
  • CEFR Level: C1

• transition (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: A change from one state to another
  • Page Number: 104
  • CEFR Level: C2

• ultimately (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Adverb (adv)
  • Definition: In the end
  • Page Number: 112
  • CEFR Level: C1

• undertake (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To start or do something, such as a project
  • Page Number: 112
  • CEFR Level: C1

Unit 7 Vocabulary

• accumulate (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To gather or acquire gradually
  • Page Number: 124
  • CEFR Level: C2

• allocate (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To give it to a particular person or purpose
  • Page Number: 132
  • CEFR Level: C1

• associate

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To connect in the mind
  • Page Number: 124
  • CEFR Level: C1

• claim

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: A statement that something is true or is a fact
  • Page Number: 124
  • CEFR Level: C1

• conduct (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To carry out (an activity)
  • Page Number: 124
  • CEFR Level: B2

• criterion (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: A standard used to make a decision or judgement
  • Page Number: 132
  • CEFR Level: C1

• deposit

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To put something somewhere, especially in a bank account
  • Page Number: 132
  • CEFR Level: C1

• impact (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To have a direct effect on
  • Page Number: 124
  • CEFR Level: C1

• interest (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: The fee you pay for borrowing money
  • Page Number: 132
  • CEFR Level: C1

• loan

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: Money that you borrow
  • Page Number: 132
  • CEFR Level: B1

• overdo

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To do excessively
  • Page Number: 132
  • CEFR Level: C1

• perspective (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: A point of view; a way of looking at things
  • Page Number: 124
  • CEFR Level: C1

• promote (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To help or encourage to happen
  • Page Number: 124
  • CEFR Level: C1

• prosperous

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Successful
  • Page Number: 124
  • CEFR Level: C1

• reluctant

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Unwilling or hesitant to do something
  • Page Number: 132
  • CEFR Level: C1

• reminder

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: Something that makes you not forget another thing
  • Page Number: 132
  • CEFR Level: C1

• security (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: Confidence about yourself and your situation
  • Page Number: 124
  • CEFR Level: C1

• transaction (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: An exchange of goods, services, or funds
  • Page Number: 132
  • CEFR Level: C1

• well-being

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: A state of comfort, health, or happiness
  • Page Number: 124
  • CEFR Level: OFF

• withdraw

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To take something out of somewhere, especially a bank account
  • Page Number: 132
  • CEFR Level: C1

Unit 8 Vocabulary

• abnormal (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Different from what is usual and expected, often in a bad way
  • Page Number: 152
  • CEFR Level: C1

• address (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To deal with or focus on
  • Page Number: 144
  • CEFR Level: C1

• confidential

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Meant to be kept secret or private
  • Page Number: 144
  • CEFR Level: C1

• consult (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To seek advice or information from; to refer to
  • Page Number: 144
  • CEFR Level: C1

• consumption (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: Use
  • Page Number: 152
  • CEFR Level: C1

• continually

  • Part of Speech: Adverb (adv)
  • Definition: Occurring again and again
  • Page Number: 152
  • CEFR Level: C1

• determine (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To decide
  • Page Number: 152
  • CEFR Level: C1

• diagnose (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To identify a disease or medical condition
  • Page Number: 144
  • CEFR Level: C2

• enhance (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To improve something
  • Page Number: 144
  • CEFR Level: C1

• frustrated

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Feeling annoyed because a problem cannot be solved
  • Page Number: 152
  • CEFR Level: C1

• hesitant

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Slow to proceed; somewhat unwilling
  • Page Number: 144
  • CEFR Level: OFF

• insight (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: A deep understanding of something
  • Page Number: 152
  • CEFR Level: C1

• keep track of

  • Part of Speech: Verb Phrase (v phr)
  • Definition: To monitor
  • Page Number: 144
  • CEFR Level: C1

• notify

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To inform someone about something
  • Page Number: 152
  • CEFR Level: C1

• obtain (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To obtain
  • Page Number: 152
  • CEFR Level: B2

• overwhelming

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Too strong in effect or too great in amount
  • Page Number: 144
  • CEFR Level: C1

• productivity (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: Effectiveness of workers at getting things done
  • Page Number: 152
  • CEFR Level: C1

• surge (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To increase very quickly
  • Page Number: 144
  • CEFR Level: C2

• tendency

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: Acting or thinking in a certain way
  • Page Number: 144
  • CEFR Level: C1

• track

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To regularly check the value or position or something
  • Page Number: 152
  • CEFR Level: C2

Unit 9 Vocabulary

• actual

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Existing in reality or as fact
  • Page Number: 164
  • CEFR Level: B2

• analytical (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Using logical reasoning; logical
  • Page Number: 164
  • CEFR Level: C1

• awareness (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: Knowledge that something exists
  • Page Number: 164
  • CEFR Level: C1

• basis

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: The support or foundation for an idea
  • Page Number: 164
  • CEFR Level: C1

• biased (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Tending to unfairly favor one (thing, group, etc.) over another
  • Page Number: 164
  • CEFR Level: C1

• competent (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Having the skill necessary to do something
  • Page Number: 164
  • CEFR Level: C1

• concept (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: An idea or theory
  • Page Number: 164
  • CEFR Level: B2

• customary

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Accepted as usual practice
  • Page Number: 172
  • CEFR Level: C1

• deepen

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To expand or make stronger
  • Page Number: 172
  • CEFR Level: C1

• ethical (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Related to good and bad behavior
  • Page Number: 172
  • CEFR Level: C2

• inferior (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Less effective
  • Page Number: 172
  • CEFR Level: C1

• innate (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Natural, not learned
  • Page Number: 172
  • CEFR Level: C2

• intuition

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: Knowing something by feeling
  • Page Number: 164
  • CEFR Level: C2

• memorize (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To learn and remember
  • Page Number: 172
  • CEFR Level: OFF

• radical (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Extreme or severe
  • Page Number: 172
  • CEFR Level: C1

• self-image

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: A person's sense of their own value
  • Page Number: 164
  • CEFR Level: OFF

• stem from

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To come from
  • Page Number: 172
  • CEFR Level: C1

• superior (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: More effective, better
  • Page Number: 172
  • CEFR Level: C1

• unprecedented

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Never seen before
  • Page Number: 172
  • CEFR Level: C2

• verbal (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Related to words and their use
  • Page Number: 164
  • CEFR Level: C2

Unit 10 Vocabulary

• advocate (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To publicly recommend something
  • Page Number: 184
  • CEFR Level: C1

• alter (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To modify
  • Page Number: 184
  • CEFR Level: B2

• call for

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To demand
  • Page Number: 192
  • CEFR Level: C2

• coincide (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To happen at the same time
  • Page Number: 192
  • CEFR Level: C2

• disastrous

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Terrible
  • Page Number: 192
  • CEFR Level: C1

• distribute (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To deliver or give out
  • Page Number: 184
  • CEFR Level: C1

• evident (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Obvious
  • Page Number: 192
  • CEFR Level: B2

• exceed (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Verb (v)
  • Definition: To go beyond
  • Page Number: 192
  • CEFR Level: C1

• gene

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: Part of a cell passed between generations that controls characteristics
  • Page Number: 184
  • CEFR Level: C1

• inadequate (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Not enough
  • Page Number: 192
  • CEFR Level: C1

• intense (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: High in energy or degree
  • Page Number: 184
  • CEFR Level: C1

• invaluable

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Extremely useful
  • Page Number: 184
  • CEFR Level: C1

• output (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: The amount of production
  • Page Number: 192
  • CEFR Level: C2

• proportion (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: Part of a total amount of number
  • Page Number: 184
  • CEFR Level: C1

• resistant (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Adjective (adj)
  • Definition: Having the strength to fight against a threat
  • Page Number: 184
  • CEFR Level: OFF

• restriction (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: A limit
  • Page Number: 192
  • CEFR Level: C1

• scenario (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: A situation
  • Page Number: 192
  • CEFR Level: C2

• stick to

  • Part of Speech: Verb Phrase (v phr)
  • Definition: To continue doing
  • Page Number: 192
  • CEFR Level: B2

• surplus (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: An amount greater than what is needed
  • Page Number: 184
  • CEFR Level: C2

• trait (Academic Word)

  • Part of Speech: Noun (n)
  • Definition: Characteristics passed on from generation to generation
  • Page Number: 184
  • CEFR Level: C2