Summary of Brain Structure and Function

Brain Structure and Function

• Old Brain Structures: Brain stem, limbic system, and basal ganglia date back to early vertebrates; manage emotion and memory, control heart rate and breathing.

• Cortex: The new brain, crucial for higher functions; filters sensory information and oversees thought processes.

Cortex Details

• Thickness: Less than a quarter inch thick; contains about two-thirds of all neurons.

• Neuron Capacity: A pinhead-sized piece of cortex can contain 30,000 neurons; neurons communicate via electric and chemical signals.

Neuronal Communication

• Synapse: The gap between neurons where messages pass; neurons do not actually touch each other.

• Neurotransmitter Release: Small sacs release molecules into the synaptic gap, initiated by electric stimulation.

• Receptor Sites: Receiving neurons have these sites that allow incoming molecules to bind and trigger new electrical signals.

Brain Complexity

• Neuronal Count: The human brain contains approximately 100 billion neurons.

• Connections: Each neuron connects with up to 50,000 others, leading to trillions of connections.

• Collective Intelligence: Neurons simultaneously processing information lead to creative thought and ideas, allowing for brainstorming and innovative connections.