Prokaryotes

Prokaryotes:

  1. DNA=free floating in cytoplasm

  2. Free floating organelles

    1. Cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, nucleoid/chromosome, cytoskeleton

  • Bacteria:

    • External:

      • Flagella: move cell (locomotions=tumble and run)

        • polar=attatched at ends

        • Peritrichous-dispersed all over cell

      • Pilus: transmission of genetic material (gram negative)

      • Fimbria: attachment and mating

      • Surface coatings: protection

        • S layer (slime, form coating, single protein linked, NUTRITION)

        • Glycocalyx (capsule, rigid, polysaccharides, body armor)

      • Cell envelope: boarder (skin)

        • Layers: outer membrane, cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane


Gram negative

Gram positive

  • Lipid-sugar-lipid

  • Heisseria meningitidis and salmonella

  • sugar-lipid

  • Thicker cell wall

  • Staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pnemonia

  • Drugs kill one type so we need to know what's present



  • Endospores: not common, become active when in correct environment

  • Archea: weird cell walls, extremophiles: adapted to live in extremes