Paramedic Notes

Alpha-1 Receptors and Vasoconstriction

Alpha-1 receptors cause basal constriction.

Cardiac Effects

Increases heart rate, exhibiting positive inotropic, chronotropic, and dromotropic properties.

• Inotropic: affects muscular force (e.g., glucagon).
• Glucagon: used in hypoglycemia, administered via IM injection; a pancreatic enzyme and beta-3 agonist drug.

Bipolar Limb Leads

Bipolar limb leads involve two wires coming from a machine. The orientation and placement of these leads are important for accurate readings. The heart sits with a slight leftward tilt and the apex is oriented upwards. The position of the positive wire in each lead is crucial.

ST-Segment Elevation and Coronary Artery Occlusion

ST-segment elevation is assessed via MRI to identify coronary artery occlusion or stasis.

The left ventricle's function is crucial. Interventions aim to decrease the demand on the heart.
Post-intervention assessments include:

• Administering aspirin and obtaining a 12-lead ECG.
• Administering nitroglycerin and obtaining a 12-lead ECG.
  Monitoring changes in the ECG after each intervention is necessary to evaluate effectiveness.