Federalism

Join or Die woodcut

Called for a uniting of the colonies by Benjamin Franklin in the Philadelphia Gazette in 1754

Dual - Roles of State and National is Seperated, most common until the 1930s. (Like a Layer Cake)

  • States covere Local Law enforcement, eduation, and buisnesses in state

  • Federal is foriegn and interstate and money

Cooperative - With the New Deal Act, Goverment tackled big issues and the state tailors to their needs. (Like a Marble Cake)

Richard Nixon and Regan’s “New Federalism”: Shifting power from Federal to Local.

  • Block Grants: A general grant from federal to state to determine what to use the money for.

9/11 had a power swing to federal goverment with the creation of the Department of Homeland Secuirty and TSA.

  • Faifh-Based Initiative and No Child Left behing in George Bush’s Time

  • Affordable Care act under Obama

States fight back against the Goverment’s guidelines sometimes like santuary cities.

Fiscal Federalism

How Goverment deals with Taxes and the Ecomony.

Change 1: 16th Amendment that allowed congress to collect income taxes w/o diving among the states

Change 2: Federal Grants that does not have to be paid back to the states.

Article 1:Section 8,

Congress can tax, make a budget, and handle federal speniding for federal (like that big ballroom)

  • Federal taxes are the largest source of income

State Funding is more for state goverment and Education. But there has been less funding because of the rise of online shopping, with is dealt by mostly federal goverment since its across other states.

  • State Taxes is most income

Local Goverment (henrico county) Soly funds Sewage and Emergency Departments