BWT MODULE 1

BOTANY - BRANCH OF BIOLOGY CONCERNED WITH THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF PLANTS INCLUDING THEIR PHYSIOLOGY, MORPHOLOGY, GENETICS, ECOLOGY, DISTRIBUTION, CLASSIFICATION AND ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
FROM THE GREEK WORDS: BOTANIKOS - BOTANICAL, BOTANE- PLANT/HERB, BOSKEIN- TO FEED
FRENCH WORD - BOTANIQUE
IT CAN BE TRACED TO ANCIENT GREEK WORDS :
GRAZE - CROP
PLANTS - ARE ORGANISMS WHICH PRODUCE SPORES AND HAVE CELLULOSE
CATTLE - LIVESTOCK
BOTANY - ONE OF THE NATURAL SCIENCES
NATURAL SCIENCES CAN BE ORGANIZED UNDER TWO BROAD CATEGORIES OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
2 TYPES OF NATURAL SCIENCE: PHYSICAL SCIENCE AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE
PHYSICAL SCIENCE - CONCERNED WITH THE MATERIALS IN OUR WORLD AND IN THE ENTIRE UNIVERSE AND HOW ENERGY AFFECTS THESE MATERIALS
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE - INVOLVE THE STUDY OF LIFE FORMS

4 TYPES OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE: ASTRONOMY, PHYSICS, GEOLOGY, CHEMISTRY
3 TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE: BOTANY, ZOOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY
4 TYPES OF CHEMISTRY: INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, ANALYTICAL
TAXONOMY - NAMING; DESCRIBING OF PLANTS
EXAMPLE: AMPALAYA - Memordica Charantia
ENCODED/ TYPEWRITTEN - ITALICIZED
HANDWRITTEN - UNDERLINED
BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE - GENUS ( FIRST WORD) SPECIES ( SECOND WORD)
HISTORY OF BOTANY
(ANCIENT PERIOD)
GREEKS - STUDIED PLANTS PRIMARILY FOR PRACTICAL REASONS
ARISTOTLE - COMPARED PLANT NUTRITION WITH ANIMAL NUTRITION.
PLANT : SOIL AND WATER
ANIMAL : OTHER LIVING ORGANISMS
- PLANT CLASSIFICATION
TREES - WOODED PLANT
SHRUBS - SMALLER WOODY PLANTS
HERBS - NON WOODY PANTS
THEOPHRASTUS - STUDENT OF ARISTOTLE
- FATHER OF BOTANY
- WROTE AN “ENQUIRY INTO PLANTS”
HISTORIA PLANTARUM - PLANT MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY, ECOLOGY, AND USES
CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM - PLANTS WITH FLOWER, LEAVES, FRUITS

HISTORY OF BOTANY
(MEDIEVAL AND RENAISSANCE PERIODS)
MIDDLE AGES - BOTANY STUDY WAS CARRIED ON MONASTERIES AND IN GARDEN; SUPERSTITION ABOUT THE MYTHOLOGY OF PLANTS.
1ST CENTURY - PEDANIOS DIOSCORIDES WAS THE MOST IMPORTANT BOTANICAL WRITER, WROTE THE “DE MATERIA MEDICA”
- CLASSIFIED PLANTS BASED ON MEDICINAL PROPERTIES
16TH CENTURY - HERBALS ; HUNDRED OF PLANTS FROM ASIA AND AMERICA
“HERBALS” - CHIEF BOTANICAL BOOK USUALLY CONTAINED DRAWING OR WOOD -CUT ILLUSTRATORS
ROBERT HOOKE - FIELD OF MICROSCOPE; CORK CELLS UNDER MICROSCOPE; COINED THE TERM “CELL”
JOHN RAY -HE PUBLISHED THE “HISTORIA PLANTARUM”
JOHANNES VAN HELMONT - MEASURED THE WATER UPTAKE OF A TREE
HISTORY OF BOTANY (17TH CENTURY)
ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK - FATHER OF MICROSCOPY; FATHER OF MICROBIOLOGY; OBSERVED THE MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURES OF PLANTS.
RUDOLF CAMERARIUS - “DE SEXU PLANTARUM EPISTOLA”
ANTHERS - MALE REPRODUCTIVE PLANT PART
STIGMA - FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE PLANT PARTS

18TH CENTURY
STEPHEN HALES - PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
C. MODERN PERIOD - MODERN STUDY OF THE FACTS OF PANT LIFE
CAROLUS LINNAEUS - SWEDISH NATURALIST; BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE; INTRODUCED PLANT TAXONOMY
LEON MA. GUERRERO - FATHER OF PH. BOTANY; FATHER OF PH. PHARMACY; WROTE “MEDICINAL PLANTS”
joseph priestley - chemical analysis of plant metabolism

EARLY PART OF THE MODERN PERIOD - STUDY OF CROPS AND GARDENING CONSIDERED TO THE FILEDS OF BOTANY

DAUGHTER SCIENCES OF BOTANY: