US Expansionism and the Rise to World Power

From Isolationism to Global Power

The Era of American Isolationism

• Initial Stance: The United States initially favored isolationism, characterized by a focus inward and a desire to avoid foreign entanglements and conflicts. This policy was largely shaped by geographical distance from Europe, a war-weary populace post-Revolution, and a need to focus on internal development and expansion.

• Driving Principles:

  • George Washington's Farewell Address (1796): Warned against permanent alliances and involvement in foreign political factions, advocating for commercial relations while maintaining political detachment.

  • Monroe Doctrine (1823): Declared the Western Hemisphere off-limits to future European colonization and intervention, while also pledging non-interference in European affairs. This doctrine aimed to protect nascent Latin American nations and secure U.S. regional dominance, fundamentally reinforcing the idea of a distinct American sphere.

• Key Characteristics:

  • Economic Focus: Emphasis on domestic industry, trade within the continent, and westward expansion.

  • Limited Military Intervention: Avoidance of participation in European wars and political disputes, leading to a relatively small standing army compared to European powers.

  • Protectionism: Implementation of tariffs to safeguard American industries from foreign competition.

  • Manifest Destiny: While isolationist in terms of European politics, the U.S. was expansionist within North America, viewing its territorial growth as divinely ordained and essential for national development.