Unit III. Health Beliefs and Practices (1)

Page 1: Unit Overview

• Focus on health beliefs and practices

• Topics include:

  • Health Promotion

  • Health Beliefs and Illness

  • Culturally Responsive Nursing Care

  • Complementary and Alternative Healing Modalities

Page 2: Concept of Health and Illness

• WHO Definition of Health: Complete physical, mental, and social well-being; not just absence of disease

• Components influencing health:

  • Culture, community, lifestyle, personal behavior, family, environment

• Defining Wellness: Varied perspectives including self-care and the body's optimal functioning.

• Health Percentages: Physical health (94%), Mental health (91%), Personal appearance (87%), Financial health (82%)

Page 3: Health Concepts

• Health as an ideal state of physical and mental well-being; dynamic adaptation to environmental changes

• Good health is vital for productivity and development

Page 4: Concepts of Health and Well-being

• Health reflects one's ability to face challenges and maintain function

• Well-being is subjective, measuring vitality and feeling well; can be plotted on a continuum

Page 5: Individual Health

• Focus on maintaining optimal health through holistic nursing care

• Emphasizes uniqueness, integrating genetics, experiences, and environmental factors

• Holism: Caring for the person as a whole, not just body parts

Page 6: Homeostasis

• The maintenance of physiological equilibrium

• Characteristics of homeostasis:

  • Self-regulating and compensatory

  • Regulated by negative feedback

  • May require multiple feedback mechanisms

Page 7: Applying Theoretical Frameworks: Needs Theories

• Human Needs: Essential for survival, including Maslow's hierarchy

• Stimulation needs identified by Richard Kalish include sex, activity, exploration, manipulation, novelty

Page 8: Well-Being Wheel

• Well-being is influenced by personal wellness and community

• Components:

  • Spiritual, Emotional, Environmental, Social, Physical, Occupational, Financial, Intellectual

• Wellness: Active self-care to achieve well-being

Page 9: Models of Health and Wellness

• Overview of different health models and their implications

Page 10: Introduction to Clinical Model

• Clinical Model: Narrow view focusing on absence of illness

• Emphasizes physiological systems and the role of medical practitioners in diagnosis and treatment

• Steps in Clinical Model: Assessment, diagnostic testing, diagnosis, treatment planning, implementation, follow-up

Page 11: Role Performance Model

• Health is viewed through the ability to fulfill societal roles

• Sickness denotes inability to perform these roles

Page 12: Adaptation Model

• Health as a creative process and adaptability to surroundings

• Disease signifies failure in adaptation; treatment aims to restore adaptive capabilities

Page 13: Eudaimonistic Model

• Focuses on reaching full potential and fulfillment

• Encourages goal-directed behavior and competent self-care

Page 14: Eudaimonistic Components

• Includes environmental mastery, positive relationships, autonomy, personal growth, self-acceptance, purpose

• Nursing roles include promoting health, advocating for autonomy, and holistic care

Page 15: Disease Model

• Examination of factors including environment, agents, disease host relationships

Page 16: Dunn's High-Level Wellness Grid

• Two axis: health and environmental conditions

• Four quadrants representing varying levels of wellness and health environments

Page 17: Health Continuum

• Illness-Wellness Continuum: Ranges from death to peak wellness

• Identifies stages of health and interventions needed at various points

Page 18: Nola Pender Health Promotion Model

• Focus on individual characteristics influencing health-promoting behavior

• Key factors: personal factors, cognitive beliefs, self-efficacy

Page 19: Holistic Model of Health

• Dimensions of health: Physical, Social, Mental, Spiritual

• Addresses management of physical symptoms, social acceptance, and spiritual opportunities

Page 20: Influencing Variables

• Internal Variables: Health status, beliefs, behaviors

• External Variables: Living standards, family, culture, social support

Page 21: Health Locus of Control Model

• Concept from social learning determining self-determination versus external control in health

• Internal vs. External Locus: Self-directed health behavior versus external influences

Page 22: Healthcare Adherence

• Degree to which individual behaviors align with medical advice

Page 23: Factors Influencing Adherence

• Motivation, lifestyle changes, severity of health issue, understanding of behaviors, cultural beliefs, quality of provider relationships

Page 24: Rosenstock & Becker's Health Belief Model

• Key elements influencing health-related actions: vulnerability beliefs, motivation, perception of benefits and barriers

• Adherence: Consistency with health recommendations

Page 25: Applications of the Health Belief Model

• Addresses preventive health behaviors, compliance with medical regimens, clinic utilization

Page 26: Perceptions and Modifying Factors

• Individual perceptions on benefits, barriers, seriousness, and susceptibility

• Impact on likelihood of engaging in health-promoting behavior

Page 27: Illness Definition

• Personal state characterized by diminished or impaired functioning in various dimensions

• Distinction between illness (subjective) and disease (objective)

Page 28: Illness Behaviors

• Define coping mechanisms; includes interpretation, remedial actions, and engagement with healthcare systems

Page 29: Stages of Illness

• Includes dependent, recovery, rehabilitation, and resumption of roles

Page 30: Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change

• Stages of change: 1. Precontemplation 2. Contemplation 3. Determination 4. Action 5. Maintenance 6. Recurrence

Page 31: Characteristics of the Stages

• Precontemplation: Ignorance of change; Contemplation: Ambivalence; Determination: Commitment; Action: Implementing change; Maintenance: Sustaining changes; Recurrence: Facing symptoms again

Page 32-38: Characteristic Behaviors in Stages

• Define behaviors and tasks associated with each stage of change

• Importance of subjective perception of ability, motivation, and ongoing adjustment in each stage

Page 39: Family Impacts of Illness

• Individual's illness can affect family function based on reactions and interactions

Page 40: Body Image

• Subjective view of physical appearance affected by illness

Page 41: Self-Concept

• Mental self-image influenced by changes from illness, leading to family tension

Page 42: Role Changes

• Illness affects life roles; adjustment needs vary depending on duration

Page 43: Culturally Responsive Care

• Care centered around client’s cultural beliefs and values

• Understanding individual and cultural variations is crucial

Page 44: Cultural Competence

• Ongoing process striving for effective interaction within cultural contexts

• Constructs include cultural desire, awareness, knowledge, skills, and encounters

Page 45: Cultural Models of Nursing Care

• Transcultural nursing and health traditions model focus on culture in health care practices

Page 46: Symbolic Health Examples

• Different cultures use symbols and traditions to maintain health; examples provided

Page 47: Complementary and Alternative Healing Modalities

• Emphasis on spirituality, faith, and effects on health; importance of prayer

Page 48: Herbal Medicine

• Historical context; significance of plants and essential oils in treatment today

Page 49: Homeopathy and Chiropractic

• Definitions of homeopathy and its process; chiropractic care's focus on body alignment

Page 50: Massage Therapy

• Overview of massage; benefits discussed regarding health and well-being

Page 51: Acupuncture and Reflexology

• Techniques aimed at promoting wellness through specific body points

Page 52: Meditation and Yoga

• Practices intended to enhance mental and physical tranquility and well-being

Page 53: Music and Horticultural Therapy

• Importance of music therapy in healing; benefits of gardening for health

Page 54: Hydrotherapy and Animal-Assisted Therapy

• Uses of water and animal interaction in therapeutic settings

• Benefits include pain relief, emotional support, and improved physical functioning.