Unit III. Health Beliefs and Practices (1)
Page 1: Unit Overview
Focus on health beliefs and practices
Topics include:
Health Promotion
Health Beliefs and Illness
Culturally Responsive Nursing Care
Complementary and Alternative Healing Modalities
Page 2: Concept of Health and Illness
WHO Definition of Health: Complete physical, mental, and social well-being; not just absence of disease
Components influencing health:
Culture, community, lifestyle, personal behavior, family, environment
Defining Wellness: Varied perspectives including self-care and the body's optimal functioning.
Health Percentages: Physical health (94%), Mental health (91%), Personal appearance (87%), Financial health (82%)
Page 3: Health Concepts
Health as an ideal state of physical and mental well-being; dynamic adaptation to environmental changes
Good health is vital for productivity and development
Page 4: Concepts of Health and Well-being
Health reflects one's ability to face challenges and maintain function
Well-being is subjective, measuring vitality and feeling well; can be plotted on a continuum
Page 5: Individual Health
Focus on maintaining optimal health through holistic nursing care
Emphasizes uniqueness, integrating genetics, experiences, and environmental factors
Holism: Caring for the person as a whole, not just body parts
Page 6: Homeostasis
The maintenance of physiological equilibrium
Characteristics of homeostasis:
Self-regulating and compensatory
Regulated by negative feedback
May require multiple feedback mechanisms
Page 7: Applying Theoretical Frameworks: Needs Theories
Human Needs: Essential for survival, including Maslow's hierarchy
Stimulation needs identified by Richard Kalish include sex, activity, exploration, manipulation, novelty
Page 8: Well-Being Wheel
Well-being is influenced by personal wellness and community
Components:
Spiritual, Emotional, Environmental, Social, Physical, Occupational, Financial, Intellectual
Wellness: Active self-care to achieve well-being
Page 9: Models of Health and Wellness
Overview of different health models and their implications
Page 10: Introduction to Clinical Model
Clinical Model: Narrow view focusing on absence of illness
Emphasizes physiological systems and the role of medical practitioners in diagnosis and treatment
Steps in Clinical Model: Assessment, diagnostic testing, diagnosis, treatment planning, implementation, follow-up
Page 11: Role Performance Model
Health is viewed through the ability to fulfill societal roles
Sickness denotes inability to perform these roles
Page 12: Adaptation Model
Health as a creative process and adaptability to surroundings
Disease signifies failure in adaptation; treatment aims to restore adaptive capabilities
Page 13: Eudaimonistic Model
Focuses on reaching full potential and fulfillment
Encourages goal-directed behavior and competent self-care
Page 14: Eudaimonistic Components
Includes environmental mastery, positive relationships, autonomy, personal growth, self-acceptance, purpose
Nursing roles include promoting health, advocating for autonomy, and holistic care
Page 15: Disease Model
Examination of factors including environment, agents, disease host relationships
Page 16: Dunn's High-Level Wellness Grid
Two axis: health and environmental conditions
Four quadrants representing varying levels of wellness and health environments
Page 17: Health Continuum
Illness-Wellness Continuum: Ranges from death to peak wellness
Identifies stages of health and interventions needed at various points
Page 18: Nola Pender Health Promotion Model
Focus on individual characteristics influencing health-promoting behavior
Key factors: personal factors, cognitive beliefs, self-efficacy
Page 19: Holistic Model of Health
Dimensions of health: Physical, Social, Mental, Spiritual
Addresses management of physical symptoms, social acceptance, and spiritual opportunities
Page 20: Influencing Variables
Internal Variables: Health status, beliefs, behaviors
External Variables: Living standards, family, culture, social support
Page 21: Health Locus of Control Model
Concept from social learning determining self-determination versus external control in health
Internal vs. External Locus: Self-directed health behavior versus external influences
Page 22: Healthcare Adherence
Degree to which individual behaviors align with medical advice
Page 23: Factors Influencing Adherence
Motivation, lifestyle changes, severity of health issue, understanding of behaviors, cultural beliefs, quality of provider relationships
Page 24: Rosenstock & Becker's Health Belief Model
Key elements influencing health-related actions: vulnerability beliefs, motivation, perception of benefits and barriers
Adherence: Consistency with health recommendations
Page 25: Applications of the Health Belief Model
Addresses preventive health behaviors, compliance with medical regimens, clinic utilization
Page 26: Perceptions and Modifying Factors
Individual perceptions on benefits, barriers, seriousness, and susceptibility
Impact on likelihood of engaging in health-promoting behavior
Page 27: Illness Definition
Personal state characterized by diminished or impaired functioning in various dimensions
Distinction between illness (subjective) and disease (objective)
Page 28: Illness Behaviors
Define coping mechanisms; includes interpretation, remedial actions, and engagement with healthcare systems
Page 29: Stages of Illness
Includes dependent, recovery, rehabilitation, and resumption of roles
Page 30: Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change
Stages of change: 1. Precontemplation 2. Contemplation 3. Determination 4. Action 5. Maintenance 6. Recurrence
Page 31: Characteristics of the Stages
Precontemplation: Ignorance of change; Contemplation: Ambivalence; Determination: Commitment; Action: Implementing change; Maintenance: Sustaining changes; Recurrence: Facing symptoms again
Page 32-38: Characteristic Behaviors in Stages
Define behaviors and tasks associated with each stage of change
Importance of subjective perception of ability, motivation, and ongoing adjustment in each stage
Page 39: Family Impacts of Illness
Individual's illness can affect family function based on reactions and interactions
Page 40: Body Image
Subjective view of physical appearance affected by illness
Page 41: Self-Concept
Mental self-image influenced by changes from illness, leading to family tension
Page 42: Role Changes
Illness affects life roles; adjustment needs vary depending on duration
Page 43: Culturally Responsive Care
Care centered around client’s cultural beliefs and values
Understanding individual and cultural variations is crucial
Page 44: Cultural Competence
Ongoing process striving for effective interaction within cultural contexts
Constructs include cultural desire, awareness, knowledge, skills, and encounters
Page 45: Cultural Models of Nursing Care
Transcultural nursing and health traditions model focus on culture in health care practices
Page 46: Symbolic Health Examples
Different cultures use symbols and traditions to maintain health; examples provided
Page 47: Complementary and Alternative Healing Modalities
Emphasis on spirituality, faith, and effects on health; importance of prayer
Page 48: Herbal Medicine
Historical context; significance of plants and essential oils in treatment today
Page 49: Homeopathy and Chiropractic
Definitions of homeopathy and its process; chiropractic care's focus on body alignment
Page 50: Massage Therapy
Overview of massage; benefits discussed regarding health and well-being
Page 51: Acupuncture and Reflexology
Techniques aimed at promoting wellness through specific body points
Page 52: Meditation and Yoga
Practices intended to enhance mental and physical tranquility and well-being
Page 53: Music and Horticultural Therapy
Importance of music therapy in healing; benefits of gardening for health
Page 54: Hydrotherapy and Animal-Assisted Therapy
Uses of water and animal interaction in therapeutic settings
Benefits include pain relief, emotional support, and improved physical functioning.