Paraphasia's

Paraphasia = language output error

These are present in some degree in typical speakers,
because none of us are perfect.

In aphasia, they are specifically classified as
paraphasia’s, and occur across types of aphasia

Paraphasia types (general):

People with different types of aphasia are more likely to use

certain types, but it’s not exact - they can occur across

types.

For example, individuals with Wernicke's aphasia may produce a higher frequency of neologisms, creating new words that may not have any recognizable meaning, while those with Broca's aphasia might use neologisms less frequently but still incorporate them into their speech.

Phonemic (literal) paraphasia: sound / phoneme level errors

In general, greater than half the intended word is produced correctly
- cat for hat

Semantic (verbal) paraphasia: Word-level error

Different types:

Neologism: In general, less than half of the word is produced correctly (or
identifiable as a word)

E.g., “sklerver”
Neologisms are often seen in fluent aphasias and/or with PWA who cannot hear/self-correct the error.

Extended paraphasia is a term used when multiple paraphasias are present in connected speech, and often involve neologisms

• Is a paraphasia the same as a misarticulation?

• Would a person with aphasia who used frequent phonemic paraphasia’s be described

as having an articulation disorder?

• How is this different than motor speech disorders?

• What do you have to know to be able to call it a phonemic (literal)

paraphasia?

• What do you have to know to be able to call it a semantic (verbal)

paraphasia?

• What if a word (phrase, etc.) has a meaning or association not known to

the listener?