Science, Technology, and Society Notes

Explore interactions between science, technology, and society throughout history.
Understand the evolution of technology in various historical periods (Prehistoric, Medieval, Renaissance, Modern) both globally and in the Philippines.
Analyze how technological advancements have influenced cultural and societal landscapes.
Identify significant technological developments in each period and their impact on civilization.

Compare and contrast technological advancements across different periods.
Evaluate continuity and changes in technological trends considering cultural shifts, economic changes, and scientific discoveries.
Create mind maps to visualize the interconnected elements of technological evolution over different periods.

Science: Organized knowledge, often described as empirical knowledge; involves systematic inquiry based on evidence.
The scientific method is a structured approach to problem-solving, emphasizing observation, hypothesis formation, testing, data analysis, conclusion drawing, and results communication.

Science is ongoing, continually refining and expanding knowledge, constantly evolving to embrace new questions and investigations.
It acknowledges that scientific ideas both develop and change over time.

John Dalton (1803): Proposed the solid sphere model; atoms are indivisible and identical for each element.
J.J. Thomson (1904): Introduced the plum pudding model; identified electrons.
Ernest Rutherford (1911): Proposed the nuclear model focusing on the nucleus's positive charge.
Niels Bohr (1913): Described quantized electron orbits.
Erwin Schrödinger (1926): Developed a quantum model representing electrons in probabilistic orbitals.

Technology: The application of scientific knowledge leading to the creation of products and processes for improving life.
The interplay between science and technology drives advancements, with scientific breakthroughs fostering new technologies.

STS (Science, Technology, and Society) encompasses the socio-cultural, political, and economic contexts that shape, and are shaped by, scientific and technological progress.
Science aims to address societal issues through inquiry and the scientific method, while societal challenges inspire scientific research and shape funding priorities.

Transportation: Enabled exploration and settlement.
Communication: Facilitated trade and documentation.
Weapons and Armor: Essential for security and alliances.
Conservation of Life: Advances in medicine for health preservation.
Engineering: Development of structures meeting human needs.
Architecture: Reflected technological advancements and cultural significance.

Sumerians: Cuneiform writing, irrigation, the wheel, and early urban planning (e.g., Great Ziggurat of Ur).
Egyptians: Innovations in record-keeping (paper and ink), cosmetics, water clocks, and architectural marvels.
Greeks: Early machines (water mills), alarm clocks (by Plato).
Romans: Introduction of newspapers (gazettes), architecture with arches, and succession of books.
Chinese: Inventions of silk, paper, the Great Wall, and gunpowder.

Significant technological development occurred against a backdrop of warfare and subsequent population growth.
Notable inventions: Printing press, telescope, compound microscope, heavy plow, gunpowder, and mechanical clocks.

The demand for faster production and transportation led to industrial growth.
Innovations to address health concerns, such as pasteurization, telephone communication, and the development of airplanes and television.