World History

-1965 - Immigration Act removed restrictions from other countries (Chinese exclusion act revoked)

-Black power & racial movements allowed for more expansion in classes (leading to World History Classes)

-Exploring the differences and developmental stages of areas around the world

B.C.E —> Before Common Era = B. C.

C.E. —> Common Era = A.D.

1: Archeology

-Early humans used bones to track cycles (Menstrual Cycles for women, or farming/harvests), explaining how humans may have had access to tools and understood mathematics

-Chimpanzee —> Australopithecus Afarensis (Southern Ape from Africa) —> Human

***-Hominids (Humans (Hominins) & Great Apes) used sticks and stones (Not manmade tools) to eat and hunt.

-2.6 Million Years ago Humans started making tools (via the opposable thumb

-The evolution of smaller hips leads to a slower development of the brain (infants need protection and time because they cannot provide it themselves)

***-Multi-generational social structures appear because older generations are better kept in the house than foraging for food

-Shorter digestion leads to the use of fire to cook food (less digestion needed)

-First use of fire (Widely Accepted) 790,000 B.C.E in the Middle East

***-Fire is used to bring people together at specific times of the day and contributes to the encouragement of social time. Fire also suggests humans had designated people to make fire and cook.

2: Hominin Evolution

Vocabulary:

Australopithecus - Southern Ape based in Africa (Before human after chimpanzee)

Exaptation - A random e

volution for no conclusive reasoning, but was then used for a specific purpose (ex. Opposable Thumb used to make tools)

Homo Habilis - Upright walking human with longer feet and smaller hips

(East & South Africa) 2.3 million to 1.65 million years ago

Homo Ergaster - Working Human (Larger more complex brain) Development of sweat and less body hair and shorter digestive track. (Migrated from Africa into Western Asia)

Homo Erectus - 1 million years ago moving to china. 800,000 years ago moving to Spain. (Shorter Arms, Longer Legs) First recorded site of compassion (A Recored skull with one tooth needed help with feeding or processed food)

***Splits into Neanderthals and Homo sapian

Homo Heidelbergensis - Practiced artistic production and burials. (Rounder Skull with slightly larger brain)

Neanderthals - Technology inventive with multi-step tools. 30,000 Years ago makes the last evidence of them (Could have bred with Homo sapiens or had more fragile evolutions leading their extinction).