Chapter 22 23 24 easy notes
Chapter 22: The Respiratory System
Multiple-Choice Questions
Functional Processes of the Respiratory System
- Which process is NOT performed?
- Answer: B) transport of respiratory gases
- Which process is NOT performed?
Voice Loudness
- What determines voice loudness?
- Answer: D) force with which air rushes across the vocal folds
- What determines voice loudness?
Alveoli Composition
- What is the function of type II alveolar cells?
- Answer: A) secrete surfactant
- What is the function of type II alveolar cells?
Air Pressure and Lung Function
- Air moves out when lung pressure is:
- Answer: B) greater than the atmospheric pressure
- Air moves out when lung pressure is:
Expiration Factors
- What are the factors for passive expiration?
- Answer: A) the recoil of elastic fibers that were stretched during inspiration and the inward pull of surface tension from alveolar fluid
- What are the factors for passive expiration?
Trachea Patency
- What maintains the openness of the trachea?
- Answer: C) cartilage rings
- What maintains the openness of the trachea?
Intrapulmonary Pressure
- Define intrapulmonary pressure.
- Answer: B) pressure within the alveoli of the lungs
- Define intrapulmonary pressure.
Gas Laws
- The relationship between pressure and volume of gases is defined by:
- Answer: A) Boyle's law
- The relationship between pressure and volume of gases is defined by:
Dalton's Law
- “In a mixture of gases, total pressure is the sum of individual partial pressures” refers to:
- Answer: C) Dalton's law
- “In a mixture of gases, total pressure is the sum of individual partial pressures” refers to:
Surfactant Function
- How does surfactant prevent alveoli from collapsing?
- Answer: C) interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thus reducing surface tension of alveolar fluid
- How does surfactant prevent alveoli from collapsing?
Respiratory Membrane Thickness
- Ideal thickness for efficient gas exchange:
- Answer: B) 0.5 to 1 micrometer
- Ideal thickness for efficient gas exchange:
Bohr Effect
- What causes more oxygen to be released with the Bohr effect?
- Answer: B) decrease in pH (acidosis) weakens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond
- What causes more oxygen to be released with the Bohr effect?
Stimulus for Breathing
- Most powerful stimulus for breathing:
- Answer: B) increase of carbon dioxide
- Most powerful stimulus for breathing:
Nerve Impulses and Inspiration
- Nerve impulses responsible for inspiration come from:
- Answer: A) the ventral respiratory group
- Nerve impulses responsible for inspiration come from:
Oxygen Concentration in Plasma
- Quantity of oxygen in solution in plasma:
- Answer: A) only about 1.5% of oxygen carried in dissolved form
- Quantity of oxygen in solution in plasma:
Respiratory Rate in Newborns
- Which statement is incorrect regarding newborns?
- Answer: B) Respiratory rate is lowest in newborn infants.
- Which statement is incorrect regarding newborns?
Forces Collapsing Lungs
- What pulls the lungs away from thoracic wall?
- Answer: A) the natural tendency for the lungs to recoil and the surface tension of the alveolar fluid
- What pulls the lungs away from thoracic wall?
Amenity of Exercise on Ventilation
- What doesn’t influence the increase in ventilation with exercise?
- Answer: B) decrease in lactic acid levels
- What doesn’t influence the increase in ventilation with exercise?
Lung Cancer Types
- What is NOT a form of lung cancer?
- Answer: B) Kaposi's sarcoma
- What is NOT a form of lung cancer?
Oxygen Supply Necessities
- Which is NOT necessary to supply the body with O2?
- Answer: B) blood pH adjustment
- Which is NOT necessary to supply the body with O2?
Respiratory Tract Characteristics
- Which statement is NOT true from medium bronchi to alveoli?
- Answer: B) Resistance to air flow increases due to the increase in cross-sectional diameter.
- Which statement is NOT true from medium bronchi to alveoli?
Lung Compliance
- Factors determining lung compliance:
- Answer: D) alveolar surface tension
- Factors determining lung compliance:
Tidal Volume Definition
- Definition of tidal volume:
- Answer: B) exchanged during normal breathing
- Definition of tidal volume:
Respiratory Gas Movement Direction
- What determines the direction of gas movement?
- Answer: B) partial pressure gradient
- What determines the direction of gas movement?
Hypoxia Causes
- Possible causes of hypoxia include:
- Answer: A) too little oxygen in the atmosphere
- Possible causes of hypoxia include:
Lung Volume for Exchangeable Air
- What represents the total volume of exchangeable air?
- Answer: B) vital capacity
- What represents the total volume of exchangeable air?
Fetal Respiratory Exchange
- Respiratory exchanges in fetuses occur through:
- Answer: C) Respiratory exchanges are made through the placenta.
- Respiratory exchanges in fetuses occur through:
Breathing Stimuli
- Which is NOT a stimulus for breathing?
- Answer: B) rising blood pressure
- Which is NOT a stimulus for breathing?
Location of Respiratory Control Centers
- Where are respiratory control centers located?
- Answer: B) medulla and pons
- Where are respiratory control centers located?
Inspiration Above Tidal Volume
- Air that can be inspired above tidal volume is called:
- Answer: C) inspiratory reserve
- Air that can be inspired above tidal volume is called:
CO2 in the Blood
- Which statement about CO2 is incorrect?
- Answer: C) More CO2 dissolves in the blood plasma than is carried in the RBCs.
- Which statement about CO2 is incorrect?
Gas Exchange Mechanism
- Oxygen and CO2 exchange occurs through:
- Answer: B) diffusion
- Oxygen and CO2 exchange occurs through:
Pharynx Characteristics
- Which statement about the pharynx is correct?
- Answer: B) The auditory tube drains into the nasopharynx.
- Which statement about the pharynx is correct?
Larynx Composition
- What does the larynx contain?
- Answer: A) the thyroid cartilage
- What does the larynx contain?
Muscles for Blowing Up a Balloon
- Respiratory muscles that contract for balloon blowing are:
- Answer: B) internal intercostals and abdominal muscles contract.
- Respiratory muscles that contract for balloon blowing are:
Carbon Dioxide Transport
- Bulk of CO2 is carried in blood as:
- Answer: B) as the bicarbonate ion in the plasma after first entering the red blood cells.
- Bulk of CO2 is carried in blood as:
Right Lung Features
- What is NOT found on the right lobe of the lung?
- Answer: B) cardiac notch
- What is NOT found on the right lobe of the lung?
Roles of the Pleura
- What is NOT a role of the pleura?
- Answer: D) aids in blood flow to the heart because the heart sits between the lungs.
- What is NOT a role of the pleura?
Factors Influencing Breathing
- Factors that influence breathing rate:
- Answer: B) voluntary cortical control
- Factors that influence breathing rate:
Surface Area for Gas Exchange
- Which structure provides the greatest gas exchange surface area?
- Answer: B) alveoli
- Which structure provides the greatest gas exchange surface area?
Respiratory Membrane Composition
- The respiratory membrane is composed of:
- Answer: B) alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes.
- The respiratory membrane is composed of:
Gas Emboli Cause
- Gas emboli may occur because a person:
- Answer: B) diver holds his breath upon ascent.
- Gas emboli may occur because a person:
Inspiratory Capacity Definition
- Inspiratory capacity is:
- Answer: A) the total amount of air that can be inspired after a tidal expiration.
- Inspiratory capacity is:
Pons Mechanisms
- Which center is located in the pons?
- Answer: A) pontine respirator group (PRG).
- Which center is located in the pons?
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