第1-2章: 电视故事与词语学习

Course Duration: The course is structured around a three-episode drama series.
Learning Objectives: Through the drama, students will learn new vocabulary and answer questions related to the content.
Textbook: The primary textbook for the listening and speaking component is "New Business Chinese Listening and Speaking Course 1" (《新商务汉语听力与口语课程一》).
Assessment:
- Mid-term Exam: An oral examination, accounting for $30\%$ of the final grade.
- Final Exam: A written examination, accounting for $40\%$ of the final grade.
- Regular Performance (平时成绩): Accounts for $30\%$ of the final grade, primarily based on attendance. The teacher meticulously records attendance, emphasizing the importance of not having others substitute for absent students.
Attendance Policy: Students who miss more than $3$ classes (三节课) will not receive a grade for the course.
Overall Emphasis: Strong listening and speaking skills are highlighted as crucial for smooth communication (交流得很顺畅) and effective problem-solving in real-life situations, such as ordering food/drinks, discussing activities, or addressing issues.

Drama Title/Origin: The specific title is not given, but it is an older drama, possibly from around $2010$ . It was chosen for its potential to assist with listening and speaking skills.
Key Characters (共八个人):
- 老于 (Lǎo Yú): The patriarch of the family.
- 心如 (Xīn Rú): Old Yu's wife.
- 鱼满堂 (Yú Mǎntáng): One of Old Yu and Xinru's children.
- 鱼富贵 (Yú Fùguì): Another child, who works as a taxi driver (的哥, now often referred to as 滴滴司機).
- 鱼兰 (Yú Lán): Another child.
- 苏穗 (Sū Suì): Her parents immigrated to North America from Hong Kong. She speaks some Cantonese-inflected Mandarin but cannot write Chinese characters.
- 韩格格 (Hán Gégé): Yu Lan's boyfriend.
- 小段 (Xiǎo Duàn): A character whose surname is Duan (段) and is likely younger (小段).

Literal Meaning: broken, damaged (e.g., as in 破裂 meaning 'to break, shatter').
Common Colloquial Usage: Expresses disdain, annoyance, or disapproval, often translating to "lousy," "crappy," or "this thing/person." It implies looking down on something (looked down on).
Examples:
- "怎么走开破车呀?" (Why are you driving this lousy/broken car?)
- "破手机" (lousy phone)
- "破玩意儿" (lousy stuff/thing)
- "破电脑" (This crappy/unreliable computer).
- "破事" (This annoying matter/thing).
Nuance: It's often an informal and potentially impolite term, best used with very close friends or when one wants to express strong dissatisfaction. It doesn't always mean literally broken; it can mean something is functionally poor or annoying.

Meaning: To keep one's composure, be patient, stay calm and unflustered even under pressure or temptation.
Context: Used when someone needs to maintain self-control and not act impulsively.
Example (Implied): Not playing games when one shouldn't, demonstrating self-restraint.

Meaning: To calm down, to let off steam. It is commonly used as a phrase to comfort someone who is angry or upset.
Scenarios for use:
- Comforting an employee who has been criticized by their manager: "消消气, 不要跟他一般见识" (Calm down, don't take him seriously).
- Apologizing to parents or siblings who are angry.

Meaning: Primarily used by taxi drivers (and previously carters) to indicate that they are finished working for the day and are no longer picking up passengers.
Example: "今天我收车了" (I'm done driving for the day). "今天我半夜 $12$ 点收车" (I'll finish driving at midnight today).

投诉 (tóu sù):
- Meaning: To formally complain, to lodge a complaint. It signifies a more serious, official expression of dissatisfaction.
- Practical Example: In Beijing, citizens can call $12345$ to lodge complaints about unfair or unsatisfactory government services or other issues affecting their daily life or work.
- Scenarios:
  - Complaining about a taxi driver intentionally taking a longer route (绕远).
  - Complaining about unhygienic restaurant food (饭菜不卫生).
  - Complaining to academic leadership about unfair grades from a teacher (例如: "向学院的领导投诉了这个问题，因为老师给我的分数不公平").
- Distinction: Requires a formal, explicit expression of strong dissatisfaction, often with an expectation of action or resolution.
抱怨 (bào yuàn):
- Meaning: To grumble, to complain informally. It usually expresses personal feelings of dissatisfaction about minor or everyday matters, often without expecting formal action.
- Scenarios: Complaining that a task is too difficult (太难了), feeling tired (太累了), or questioning someone's behavior in a casual way.
- Distinction: A private, personal expression of discontent compared to the formal nature of 投诉.

Meaning: To sponge off, freeload, get something for free, often by taking advantage of someone else's resources or generosity, or by stealthily gaining access to something.
Examples:
- 蹭吃蹭喝 (cèng chī cèng hē): To freeload food and drinks. Example: Kanggege (韩格格) frequently visits his friend's house to eat and drink because he has no money.
- 蹭饭 (cèng fàn): To freeload a meal.
- 蹭网 (cèng wǎng): To use someone else's Wi-Fi without permission or payment (e.g., using a neighbor's Wi-Fi).
- 蹭课 (cèng kè): To audit a class without formal registration (e.g., attending a class that one has not officially enrolled in to learn Chinese).
- 蹭车 (cèng chē): To hitch a ride or get a free ride from someone.
Context: While it can be seen as impolite, it's often acceptable among very close friends who are willing to share resources.

Meaning: To slack off, loaf on the job, goof off. Literally "to grope for fish" (implying one is not doing 'real' work but rather something unproductive or recreational).
Synonyms: 滑水 (huá shuǐ).
Context: Doing personal activities like browsing one's phone or playing games instead of focusing on work.

Meaning: To cling to, dawdle, refuse to leave, be shamelessly persistent, or be a deadbeat.
Examples:
- 赖着不走 (lài zhe bù zǒu): To refuse to leave, overstay one's welcome. Example: A guest stays for $7-8$ hours, even when the host has nothing left to say, or someone stays at a friend's house for a month, eating all their food.
- 老赖 (lǎo lài): A chronic debtor or deadbeat who refuses to pay back money borrowed (e.g., someone who borrowed $1000$ RMB five years ago and still hasn't repaid it).
- Example from drama: Yu Fugui calling Kanggege "这么赖" (so shameless/persistent) for not wanting to get out of the car.

The teacher planned to recommend useful apps for daily life in China (e.g., for payments, transportation, food delivery), assuming students were new to China.
However, upon discovering that most students had already been in China for over a year and were familiar with such apps, the teacher decided not to elaborate.

The teacher offers to be a resource for students regarding any issues or questions they might encounter in their daily lives in China.