Web technologies

Here are some flashcards based on the provided source document, "1.3.4. Web Technologies.pdf":

HTML

Front: What does HTML stand for? Back: HyperText Markup Language

Front: What is the purpose of HTML? Back: HTML is the language used to write web pages. It allows browsers to interpret and display webpages by describing their structure and content order.

Front: How are tags written in HTML? Back: Tags are enclosed in angle brackets. For example: <tag> and </tag>.

Front: What are the two main sections of an HTML webpage? Back: The head and the body.

Front: What does the <head> tag contain? Back: Information about the webpage, such as the title, links to stylesheets, and other metadata.

Front: What does the <body> tag contain? Back: The main content of the webpage, including text, images, and other elements.

Front: What is the purpose of the <link> tag? Back: To link to external files, including CSS stylesheets.

Front: What is the purpose of the <h1>, <h2>, and <h3> tags? Back: To define headings of different sizes, with <h1> being the largest and <h3> being the smallest.

Front: What is the purpose of the <p> tag? Back: To define a paragraph of text.

Front: What is the purpose of the <img> tag? Back: To embed an image into the webpage.

Front: What are the required parameters for the <img> tag? Back: src (source of the image), width, and height.

Front: What is the purpose of the <a> tag? Back: To create a hyperlink to another webpage or resource.

Front: What parameter is used to specify the link destination in the <a> tag? Back: The href attribute.

Front: What is the purpose of the <ol> tag? Back: To create an ordered list (numbered).

Front: What is the purpose of the <ul> tag? Back: To create an unordered list (bulleted).

Front: What tag is used to define each item in a list? Back: The <li> tag.

Front: What is the purpose of the <div> tag? Back: To divide the page into separate sections or containers.

CSS

Front: What does CSS stand for? Back: Cascading Style Sheets

Front: What is the purpose of CSS? Back: To control the visual appearance and styling of a webpage.

Front: What are the two forms of CSS? Back: Internal/embedded CSS and external CSS.

Front: How is internal/embedded CSS used? Back: It is placed within <style> tags directly in the HTML document.

Front: How is external CSS used? Back: It is written in a separate file, and a link to this file is added to the HTML document using the <link> tag.

Front: What is the basic syntax of a CSS rule? Back: selector { property: value; }

Front: What are classes and identifiers in CSS? Back: They are attributes used to select and style specific HTML elements.

Front: How are classes defined in CSS? Back: Using a full stop (.) followed by the class name.

Front: How are identifiers defined in CSS? Back: Using a hashtag (#) followed by the identifier name.

JavaScript

Front: What is JavaScript? Back: A scripting language primarily used to add interactivity to websites.

Front: Is JavaScript compiled or interpreted? Back: Interpreted.

Front: What are some advantages of using JavaScript? Back:

  • It can handle invalid data on the client side before sending it to the server.

  • It reduces the load on busy servers.

  • It reduces web traffic.

Front: How can JavaScript be used to manipulate HTML elements? Back: By using methods like document.getElementById() to select elements and properties like innerHTML to modify their content.

Front: How can JavaScript be used to display output? Back:

  • Changing the attributes of HTML elements.

  • Writing directly to the document.

  • Displaying alert boxes.

Search Engine Indexing

Front: What is a search engine? Back: A program that searches through a database of internet addresses to find resources based on user queries.

Front: What is the role of web crawlers in search engine indexing? Back: They traverse the internet, collecting information about websites and adding it to the search engine's index.

Front: What is the PageRank algorithm? Back: It is an algorithm used to rank web pages based on the number and quality of incoming links.

Front: What two factors determine the PageRank of a page? Back:

  • The number of incoming links from other web pages.

  • The PageRank of the web pages that link to it.

Front: What data structure is used to represent the relationship between web pages for PageRank calculation? Back: A directed graph.

Server and Client Side Processing

Front: What is server-side processing? Back: When data is sent from the client to the server to be processed.

Front: What are some advantages of server-side processing? Back:

  • It doesn't require plugins.

  • It can handle large calculations faster.

  • It's not browser-dependent.

  • It's more secure.

Front: What is client-side processing? Back: When data is processed directly on the client's device.

Front: What are some advantages of client-side processing? Back:

  • It allows webpages to respond immediately to user actions.

  • It executes quickly.

  • It gives developers more control over the website's behavior and appearance.