AP Physics 1 FINAL REVIEW

• Force v. Distance graph.

  • Area equals the net work done on the object which equals the change to KE.

• Area under a velocity time graph is displacement.

• F vs t area is change in momentum, and is the same as the impulse the the object experiences.

• Momentum is a vector, don’t ignore the sign.

• Impulse is a vector.

• Think about diagonal forces as the devil.

  • Break that shit up into components along your coordinates and treat each dimension independently.

• Vectors add tip to tail, the resultant is drawn from the origin to the tip of the last vector added.

• You can only use kinematics with uniform accelerated motion.

  • If you have a spring, a curved path or a pendulum, don’t even try dynamics. Go right into energetics.

  • If you see a spring don’t just assume it’s going to be Hooke’s law.

  • If that spring is displaced and you need to think about what’s happening through that displacement, you have a non-uniform force acting on that object during the compression or elongation of the spring, can’t use kinematics or dynamics,

  • you have to convert kinetic energy into elastic potential. Close that system and do your math.

• mass is a measurement of inertia, and objects resistance to changes in motion.

  • Things that are moving have a tendency to keep moving in a straight line path. If somehow it’s not not moving straight, or at sometime later it’s moving in a different direction, look for some external force that did it (contact or field).

  • If you wanna take something off at straight path you’re gonna have to tug it or push it perpendicular to its velocity. That’s the only way.

  • Any push or pull from any force that’s in line with objects velocity only speeds it up or slows it down, changing kinetic energy.

  • Only forces acting perpendicular will move an object off at straight path, not changing energy only its direction.

  • This is why no work is done when forces are 90° to the displacement.

  • It’s also the reason why centripetal forces don’t do work.

  • Same goes for normal forces.

  • When unbalanced forces acting on object don’t change the objects kinetic energy, you can be certain that something about the objects potential has changed (normal force does not work on object sliding up curved ramp, but contributes to changing the objects potential due to its change in position (height) within earths gravitational field.)

• Omega-t graph; slope is angular acceleration.

• Any change to a systems velocity must be caused by a net external force or torque.

• If the velocity changes in either magnitude or direction and you are certain that any external forces are negligible, then close the system; the change must be from an internal transformation, from some form of internal potential.

• Any change to a systems configuration can be attributed to either a transformation of potential to kinetic energy or work done on the system.

• For closed systems, conservation laws are valid. For open systems, momentum won’t be conserved, but the change to the magnitude of the environments momentum will be equal to the impulse that your system experienced.

• Make bar charts. Never draw components on an FBD.

• Know Newton’s 3rd law and apply it. Weight is a force caused by the interaction of the earth on you.

• Mass is how much shit you’re made of. You bring your shit with you everywhere.

• Your weight depends where you’re at (g field at your location).

• Mass is measured in kg, forces in Newton’s.

• Power is everything. Move energy quickly, you’re powerful;

• Power is change in energy with respect to time.

• Under utilized but amazing back door for connecting energetically to dynamics and kinematics.

• Area under Force-velocity graph is power.

• Slope of work-time graph is power.

• Be able to determine and analyze the significance of the slope of a non linear function using the process of linearization.

• Know that even a particle moving in a straight line still has angular momentum with respect to some other object in space.

• Know the process of derivations.

• Remember that objects that move through 2 dimensions over the same time interval should be analyzed using the principle of independence of motion;

• what happens in Y stays in Y, and what happens in x stays in x.

• Always find a way to zero out an unknown by choosing a frame or position on which you know what the value will be (example: at the apex of a projectiles trajectory, vy will equal zero, though vx remains constant).

• Don’t confuse velocity and acceleration.

• Always mention taking multiple trials to account for experimental error.

• Always propose another way to investigate a relationship by suggesting other variables that could be treated independently against some variable of interest (for the experimental FRQ).

• Breathe.

.

.

• 55% of the students in the world (170,000) who took this test in 2019 failed with a 2 or lower. Only 5% received a 5, and 20% a 4. Three students scored perfectly. They are outliers. Expect to fail. Pat yourself on the back of you passed. Kids that take these courses for college credit if they plan to study science in college should never use the scores to exempt themselves from their intro physics course at Uni. Use the score if you need a lab based science credit as a gen Ed credit in college, else use what you learned this year as a framework to really master the material when in college.