Organic Chemistry

Hydrocarbons - Fuels made from only hydrogen and carbon

Molecules with short carbon chains = low boiling point and low viscosity

Molecules with long carbon chains = high boiling point and high viscosity

The longer the chainlength the more molecules there for high boiling points and not highly volatile.

The Alkanes and the Alkenes

Alkanes - Cn Hn+2

Alkenes - Cn H2n

Alkanes are saturated (single bonds) all are single bonds (covelent)

Alkenes are unsaturated (double bonds) 1 double bond and the rest are single bonds (covelent)

Methane + oxygen ——> carbon dioxide + water

CH4 + 2O2 ——> CO2 + 2H2O

Propane + oxygen ——> carbon dioxide + water

C3H8 + 5O2 ——> 3CO2 + 4H2O

Testing for unsaturation (double bonds)

• Use orange bromine water

• If there is a double bond it became colourless

Ethane + bromine ——> 1, 2 dibromoethane

Unsaturated Saturated and colourless