Unit 7_ WWII (2025-2026)

WWII was the bloodiest (most deaths) conflict in history!
TRUE
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WWII was the bloodiest conflict in terms of % of world population lost
FALSE
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Which country suffered the most soldier deaths?
USSR
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Which country suffered the most civilian deaths?
USSR
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All of the fighting was in Europe and Pacific islands
FALSE
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Who was president of the US during WWII?
FDR
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How many people died as a result of the Holocaust?
About 11 million
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From which country were the majority of Holocaust victims?
Poland
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The Japanese were nowhere near as brutal as the Nazis
FALSE
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The atomic bombs dropped on Japan caused more death and destruction than all other bombing campaigns of the war
FALSE
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The US did not begin fighting in Western Europe (France) until 1944! (war ended in 1945)
TRUE
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SETTING THE STAGE During the 1930s, Hitler played on the hopes and fears of the Western democracies. Each time the Nazi dictator grabbed new territory, he would declare an end to his demands. Peace seemed guaranteed—until Hitler moved again. After his moves into the Rhineland, Austria, and Czechoslovakia, Hitler turned his eyes to Poland. After World War I, the Allies had cut out the Polish Corridor from German territory to give Poland access to the sea. In 1939, Hitler demanded that the Polish Corridor be returned to Germany.
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Polish (or Danzig) Corridor

War on the Horizon
As of September 1939, Hitler has:
Remilitarized the Rhineland
Annexed (taken) Austria
Annexed Sudetenland (German speaking part of Czech.)
Later, invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia
Signed a nonaggression pact with the Soviet Union
Most of these actions were specifically prohibited by the Treaty of Versailles, but western nations--hoping to avoid war--chose appeasement.
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Each one hopes that if he feeds the crocodile enough, the crocodile will eat him last. All of them hope that the storm will pass before their turn comes to be devoured. But I fear greatly that the storm will not pass. It will rage and it will roar ever more loudly, ever more widely.
-Winston Churchill
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Blitzkrieg means “lightning war”
On September 1, 1939 Germany invaded Poland.
Blitzkrieg consists of fast moving attacks with planes and tanks (both much improved and more mobile since WWI), followed by overwhelming infantry forces.
It worked very well in Poland

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Blitzkrieg - “Lightning war”
The Luftwaffe was Germany’s air force.

Soviets invade Poland from the East
The agreement to divide up Poland was a secret part of the Nazi-Soviet nonaggression pact
A little over 2 weeks after Germany invaded Poland from the West, the USSR did the same from the East…poor Poland : (
The Soviets then moved to the north. Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia fell easily. The Fins however put up a stiff resistance. The USSR did not conquer Finland until March 1940.
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“The Phony War”
France and Britain declared war on Germany on Sept. 3, 1939, after Germany invaded Poland.
But not much happened along the Western Front for the first few months. Newspapers began to refer to this period of time as “the phony war,” and the Germans jokingly called it sitzkrieg, or “sitting war.”
In April, 1940, the calm ended. Hitler launched a surprise invasion of Denmark and Norway.
In May, Germany invaded the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg.
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France’s Maginot Line
System of fortifications along France’s border with Germany.
Built after WWI to protect France from future aggression from Germany.
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Problem with the Maginot Line?
It stopped at France’s borders with Luxembourg and Belgium
Germany first invaded the Netherlands and Belgium, then invaded France from the north, thereby completely circumventing the Maginot Line.
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Test Date: March 13
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The story so far…(again, I know)
Sept 1, 1939 - Hitler’s invasion of Poland kicks off WWII in Europe
France and Britain declare war 2 days later
April, 1940, Hitler launches surprise invasion of Denmark and Norway
May, 1940, Hitler invades the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and France.
At the height of Nazi expansion, in 1942, Europe looks like this…
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But not yet! …Miracle of Dunkirk
Defeated, members of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) retreated to the port city of Dunkirk, near the Belgian border.
Backs against the sea, they were trapped, like fish in a barrel for the German Luftwaffe.
From May 26 to June 4, a fleet of about 850 ships, many civilian craft (yachts and fishing boats), sailed back and forth across the English Channel carrying around 338,000 British and French soldiers to safety.
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Fall of France
By June 14 Germany had taken Paris, and on June 22 the French government officially surrendered.
Germany took direct control of the northern part of France
Southern France was left under the control of a puppet government headquartered in the city of Vichy, and Ied by WWI veteran Marshal Philippe Petain.
Charles de Gaulle, a French general, established a government-in-exile in London.
De Gaulle was determined to take France back from the Nazis. He called on all the French people to resist German occupation, and organized the Free French military forces.
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Marshal Petain, considered a traitor to the French
Charles de Gaulle, considered a hero to the French

It is the bounden [obligatory] duty of all Frenchmen who still bear arms to continue the struggle. For them to lay down their arms, to evacuate any position of military importance, or agree to hand over any part of French territory, however small, to enemy control would be a crime against our country.
-Charles de Gaulle
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With the fall of France, Britain stood alone against the Nazis
Prime Minister Winston Churchill fiercely proclaimed that Great Britain shall never surrender to Nazi Germany.
Hitler’s next move was to invade England. He planned to land over 250,000 soldiers on England’s shores, but first they had to knock out Britain’s Royal Air Force (RAF).
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Battle of Britain

The Luftwaffe began bombing Great Britain in the summer of 1940.
Though badly outnumbered, the RAF had two huge technological advantages:
Radar - developed in the 1930s, it showed the number, speed, and direction of incoming enemy planes
Enigma - the British had cracked the German code-making machine, which allowed them to decode all German communications
The Battle of Britain continued to rage in the skies above Great Britain until May, 1941.
Eventually, Hitler called off the attack, and focused Germany’s efforts elsewhere
The Battle of Britain taught the Allies a crucial lesson. Hitler’s attacks COULD be STOPPED.
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Battle of Britain

Africa
Sept. 1940, while the Battle of Britain raged on, Mussolini (the bald fascist leader of Italy) ordered his army to attack British forces in Egypt.
Goal was to control the Suez Canal, vital to reaching the oil fields in the middle east
Dec. 1940, British counterattack crushed the Italians in Africa.
Germany must reinforce their Axis partner
Hitler sent the Afrika Korps, a highly trained German tank force led by Erwin Rommel, who would earn the nickname “Desert Fox.”
Rommel’s Afrika Korps eventually seized the important port city of Tobruk, Libya.
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After Africa…Italy…”The soft underbelly of the Axis”
Operation Husky
Allied invasion of Southern Italy, beginning with the island of Sicily
Italy = “The Soft Underbelly of the Axis”
Mussolini was deposed in 1943 by the Italian people. That means they were fed up with him. In October Italy declared war on GERMANY, effectively switching sides in the conflict!
Mussolini was executed by firing squad in 1945. Then his body was hung from the roof of a gas station as a form of humiliation.

Operation Barbarossa
Operation Barbarossa was Hitler’s plan to invade the Soviet Union.
Began June 22, 1941
Soviets were unprepared
Although the Soviet Red Army was the largest in the world, its troops were neither well equipped, nor well trained.
Germans pushed 500 miles into the Soviet Union
Soviets used same scorched- earth strategy that they used against Napoleon
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Siege of Leningrad (St. Petersburg)
A siege is when an opposing army completely surrounds a city or location, cutting off essential supplies, with the goal of compelling those inside to surrender.
In early November, 1941, German forces completely cut the city of Leningrad off from the rest of the Soviet Union.
Nearly one million (of about 2.5 million) people died in Leningrad during the winter of 1941-1942.
Desperately hungry, people began eating cattle and horse feed, as well as cats and dogs and, finally, crows and rats.
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OK, NOW Europe looks like this
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Where’s ‘Merica???
Remember, the American people and the US Congress want to keep the US out of another war.
They did not ratify the ToV
Between 1935 and 1937 Congress passed a series of Neutrality Acts -
Laws that made it illegal to sell arms or lend money to nations at war.
BUT Roosevelt understood the importance of helping the Allies, so he asked Congress to allow the following:
Cash and Carry Policy - Allies were allowed to purchase American arms, BUT had to pay “cash” (no credit), and they had to “carry” the goods on their own ships.
Lend-Lease Act - Passed March, 1941, allowed the US to lend or lease arms and supplies to any country deemed vital to the defense of The United States.
Roosevelt also issued the Atlantic Charter with Winston Churchill. Like Wilson’s Fourteen Points during WWI, the Atlantic Charter outlined the Allies vision of peace after the war.
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Soviet “Katyusha” rockets mounted on a lend-lease Studebaker truck
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Help me out…did we finish these notes?!
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Japan’s Pacific Campaign

SETTING THE STAGE Like Hitler, Japan’s military leaders also had dreams of empire. Japan’s expansion had begun in 1931. That year, Japanese troops took over Manchuria in northeastern China. Six years later, Japanese armies swept into the heartland of China. They expected quick victory. Chinese resistance, however, caused the war to drag on. This placed a strain on Japan’s economy. To increase their resources, Japanese leaders looked toward the rich European colonies of Southeast Asia.
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Pearl Harbor
Just before 8 a.m. on December 7, 1941, hundreds of Japanese fighter planes attacked the American naval base at Pearl Harbor near Honolulu, Hawaii.
The barrage lasted just two hours. The Japanese managed to destroy or damage many naval vessels, including sinking 2 battleships, and destroying almost 200 airplanes, but no aircraft carriers.
More than 2,000 Americans soldiers and sailors died in the attack, and another 1,000 were wounded.
The day after the assault, President Franklin D. Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan
Congress approved his declaration with just one dissenting vote.
Three days later Japan's allies Germany and Italy also declared war on the United States, and Congress reciprocated. More than two years into the conflict, America had officially joined World War II.
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Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, mastermind of the attack on Pearl Harbor

Why did Japan “wake the sleeping giant?”
*Disclaimer: this line is from a movie, NOT history!
The ultimate goal for Japan was to create a Japanese Empire in the Pacific. At the time, the United States controlled many of the islands in the Pacific – including the nation of the Philippines, which contains the largest islands.
During the 1930s – Japan invaded Northern China. In response to this invasion, the United States sent funding (minimal) to Chinese Nationalists (Chiang Kai-shek) AND placed an embargo on the sale of oil to Japan.
This was detrimental to the Japanese, because the United States had been supplying Japan with 80% of their oil supply.
US gave Japan an ultimatum - Get out of China, and we will lift the embargo
Japan ignored offer and began planning attack on Pearl
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Bataan Death March
January, 1942, Japan captured Manilla, capital of the Philippines. Filipino and American forces took up defensive positions on the Bataan Peninsula, but were forced to surrender in April.
Approximately 75,000 Filipino and American troops on Bataan were forced to make an arduous 65-mile march to prison camps.
The marchers made the trek in intense heat and were subjected to harsh treatment by Japanese guards.
Thousands perished in what became known as the Bataan Death March.
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The Tide Turns -
Battle of Midway
Six months after the attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States defeated Japan in one of the most decisive naval battles of World War II. Thanks in part to major advances in code breaking, the United States was able to pre-empt and counter Japan’s planned ambush, inflicting permanent damage on the Japanese Navy.
American pilots destroyed 332 Japanese planes, and all four carriers that participated in the battle.
An important turning point in the Pacific campaign, the victory allowed the United States and its allies to move into an offensive position, and put Japan on the retreat.
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Douglas MacArthur & Island-hopping
After the Battle of Midway, the United States launched a counter-offensive strike known as "island-hopping,"
The brainchild of the commander of Allied land forces in the Pacific, General Douglas MacArthur.
The idea was to capture certain key islands, that were not well defended, and bypass major Japanese strongholds until Japan came within range of American bombers.
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Guadalcanal
The first island the US would “hop” to was Guadalcanal. The Battle of Guadalcanal was the first major offensive and a decisive victory for the Allies in the Pacific theater.
Having learned the Japanese were constructing an air base on Guadalcanal, US military leaders decided to strike before the base could be completed!
Marines easily seized the airfield in August 1942, but both sides poured fresh reinforcements into the island. Fighting continued until February 1943.
After losing over 24,000 soldiers, Japan surrendered “the Island of Death.”
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The Pacific: HBO Miniseries
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The Holocaust
16.3
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What is Genocide?
genos (Greek) = race, kind
cidium (Latin) = kill
the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation.

What was the Holocaust?
The systematic mass slaughter of Jews and other groups judged inferior by the Nazis
Jews often use the term Shoah which means “catastrophe” in Hebrew.
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Who was responsible?

Was every German soldier culpable?

Is “I was just following orders” a valid excuse?

SOME of the Nazi leaders responsible (other than Hitler, of course)
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Joseph Goebbels
Minister of Propaganda
Hermann Goering
Commander of the Luftwaffe
Heinrich Himmler
Commander of the SS
Theodor Eicke
Oversaw dev. of concentration camps
Adolf Eichmann
Head of the Gestapo

SS - Schutzstaffel (Protection Squad)
Concentration camps and killing camps were under the authority of the SS.
An elite paramilitary organization devoutly loyal to Hitler and the Nazi Party.
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Why did the Germans hate the Jews?
First of all, anti-Semitism is NOT new in Europe
The Jews have been discriminated against throughout history
Ancient Hebrews were enslaved in Egypt
The Jews were accused of helping the Romans kill Jesus
Most Europeans are Christian
Accused of having too much wealth and power
“Stabbed in the back” myth after WWI
Convenient group to single out because they are different
Nazism (fascism) requires supreme loyalty to the nation (extreme nationalism!).
German Jews are Jewish first, and German second.
Nazis consider them an inferior race
Similar to the justification of slavery in America

The Nuremberg Laws
The Nuremberg Race Laws consisted of two pieces of legislation: the Reich Citizenship Law, and the Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor.
Provided the legal framework for the systematic persecution of Jews in Germany:
Someone with three or four Jewish grandparents
Germans who had not practiced Judaism or who had not done so for many years found themselves still subject to legal persecution
People with Jewish grandparents who had converted to Christianity could be defined as Jews

T4 Euthanasia Program
Systematically killed incurably ill, physically or mentally disabled, emotionally distraught, and elderly people. Initiated in 1939, and officially discontinued in 1941, but killings continued covertly until the military defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945.
The Nazis referred to the program’s victims as “burdensome lives” and “useless eaters.”
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By 1941, all Jews were required to wear these!
They used the badge to identify and humiliate Jews but also to segregate them, to watch and control their movements, and to prepare for deportation.
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What are ghettos?
Overcrowded, segregated areas of cities in which Jews were forced to live. They were sealed off by barbed wire and stone walls. The Nazis hoped the Jews inside would starve or die off from disease.
Example - The Warsaw Ghetto
German authorities order the Warsaw ghetto in Poland to be sealed. It is the largest ghetto in both area and population, confining more than 350,000 Jews (about 30 percent of the city's population) in an area of about 1.3 square miles
Worthington has an area of 5.6 square miles, and a population of about 15,000.
At times, before the deportations of July 1942 began, the actual population in Warsaw ghetto approached 500,000
Important to remember: multiple ghettos were formed in multiple cities!
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What are concentration camps?
The term concentration camp refers to a camp in which people are detained or confined, usually under harsh conditions.

What happened in concentration camps?
Forced labor—often pointless and humiliating, and imposed without proper equipment, clothing, nourishment, or rest
In one camp, prisoners were forced to run up 186 steps while carrying heavy boulders
The Nazis also pursued a conscious policy of "annihilation through work," under which certain categories of prisoners were literally worked to death. According to this policy, camp prisoners were forced to work under conditions that would directly and deliberately lead to illness, injury, and death
Typical food portions totaled 300 calories per day

Death camps were designed with the sole purpose of murdering the Jews.

This is where gas chambers and crematoriums were located.
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Auschwitz - death camp
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Liberation of the Camps
Most camps were liberated in March, April and May of 1945 (the end of the War in Europe)
Liberation was not easy!
Most prisoners were too weak to move and on the brink of death.
In some cases, it was difficult to distinguish the living from the dead.
The biggest problem - what are we supposed to do with all of these people?
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What happens to the Jews?
Tens of thousands of homeless Holocaust survivors were housed in displaced persons (DP) camps
Some Jews were able to return home or live with surviving relatives
The United States Congress passes the Displaced Persons Act, under which approximately 400,000 displaced persons could immigrate to the United States
Many Jews returned to their homeland in Israel - a term called Zionism.

Nazi Punishment - the Nuremberg Trials
November 1945
The International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg, Germany, begins a trial of 21 major Nazi German leaders on charges of crimes against peace, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and conspiracy to commit each of these crimes.
Film and photographic evidence were used against the Nazis.
It sentenced 12 leading Nazi officials to death for crimes committed during the Nazi regime
Unfortunately, many Nazis were able to escape and live in hiding for the remainder of their lives.
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The Aftermath
By May 1945, the Germans and their collaborators had murdered six million European Jews as part of a systematic plan of genocide—the Holocaust
When Allied troops entered the concentration camps, they discovered piles of corpses, bones, and human ashes—testimony to Nazi mass murder
We would like to believe that acts of genocide never occur again, however - acts of genocide have been committed multiple times since the Holocaust.

D-Day
What was it?
How was it successful?
Why was it significant?
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Lead up to D-Day
The Germans knew an attack was coming eventually, but not exactly where!
Germans began building The Atlantic Wall in 1942
Defensive fortifications all along Europe’s west coast
The Allies employed many deceptive tactics to get German military forces in France out of position
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Operation Fortitude
Operation Fortitude was the codename for the Allies plans to draw German forces away from Normandy.
Famed US General George S. Patton was put in charge of First United States Army Group (FUSAG).
FUSAG would have consisted of multiple infantry and armor divisions, hundreds of thousands of troops, and thousands of tanks and artillery batteries…
IF IT EXISTED!
FUSAG was a “paper command,” a fake army established to deceive the Germans. Nazi high command was convinced it truly existed through radio transmissions sent to the various non-existent divisions of FUSAG, and a DOUBLE AGENT (Garbo) working for the British!
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Operation Overlord
Operation Overlord was the REAL Allied invasion of Normandy, France
June 6, 1944, “D-Day”
Commanded by General Dwight D. Eisenhower
About 150,000 troops landed on the beaches that morning
About 70,000 Americans on beaches and parachuting
What does “D” stand for?
The “D” in D-Day actually just stands for “day.” It is a general term for the day that a major military operation is executed. June 6, 1944 was not the only “D-Day” in WWII, it just became the most famous. Days before and after execution day are referred to as “D-#” and “D+#.”
With the successful invasion of Normandy, Germany once again faced a two-front war in Europe. They would not recover.

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Dwight D. Eisenhower
-Supreme Commander of Allied Forces in Europe
Bernard Montgomery
-Commander of all Allied ground forces for Operation Overlord
Omar Bradley
-Commander of US ground forces for Operation Overlord
Bertram Ramsay
-Commander of all Allied naval forces for Operation Overlord

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Battle of the Bulge
LARGE scale German attack on Allied front lines in Belgium. Their last ditch effort to regain the upper hand--Winter, 1944-45.

Battle of the Bulge
On December 16, 1944 the retreating Germans suddenly, and shockingly, surged forward in the Ardennes Forest on the German/Belgium border. This German attack is known as The Battle of the Bulge. A bulge is something that extends out from an object. For instance, a man with a big belly has a bulge on his waist.
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Battle Facts:
Winter 44-45 was VERY cold and snowy
Over a million men fought- 500,000 Germans, 600,000 Americans and 55,000 British.
100,000 German casualties
81,000 American casualties, including 23,554 captured and 19,000 killed.
800 tanks lost on each side, 1,000 German aircraft.
“Battle of the Bulge,” was the worst battle in terms of losses for US Forces in WWII.
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Details and Aftermath
On a wintry mid-December day in 1944, the German army plunged into the semi-mountainous, heavily forested Ardennes region of eastern Belgium and northern Luxembourg. Their goal was to reach the sea, trap the Allies like they had done early in WWII, and win a negotiated peace on the Western front.
Since the Ardennes was the least likely spot for a German offensive, American Staff Commanders kept the defensive line thin, so that their troops might concentrate on areas north and south of the Ardennes.
The German Offensive achieved total surprise, but the American troops did not give much ground to the advancing Germans. All the Germans accomplished was to create a Bulge in the American line. In the process they exhausted men, tanks and material. Four weeks later, after grim fighting, with heavy losses on both the American and German sides, the Bulge was gone and the Americans were advancing into Germany.

Patton to the Rescue!(?)
On December 26, 1944, General George S. Patton’s Third Army broke the German siege of Bastogne, Belgium, during the Battle of the Bulge. Patton achieved this by rapidly maneuvering three divisions over 100 miles in 48 hours and pivoting 90 degrees north to strike the German flank.
Despite freezing weather and mud, Patton’s swift, 90-degree pivot (often called a "masterpiece of maneuver") allowed him to attack the German positions from the south.
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The Race to Berlin
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More stories if time…
Rommel in Normandy
Operation Valkyrie

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Back to the Pacific one more time…
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The Japanese in Retreat
By the fall of 1944, the Allies were moving in on Japan.
The Allies were approaching the islands closest to the main islands of Japan.
The goal is to take the islands of Iwo Jima and Okinawa

Kamikaze
What is a kamikaze? Japanese suicide pilots
What was the goal of a kamikaze? They hoped to sink Allied ships by crash-diving their planes into them
This was an act of desperation.
This demonstrated that the Japanese valued honor more than life.

Battle of Iwo Jima - February 1945
Iwo Jima was 575 miles away from the coast of Japan
Closest battle to mainland Japan yet
Fighting was very intense
Iwo Jima was defended by nearly 23,000 Japanese soldiers
The Japanese had dug an elaborate system of caves and underground tunnels
The American Marines were able to take Iwo Jima in nearly a month
The United States dropped 6,800 TONS of bombs on Iwo Jima
Iwo Jima is only 8 miles long

Okinawa - Spring 1945
The closer Allied forces got to the Japanese main islands the fiercer the fighting got--exemplified in the movie Hacksaw Ridge, which depicts the Battle of Okinawa.

Okinawa and Iwo Jima were 2 of the worst battles in the Pacific in terms of American losses.
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This one is pretty graphic. Viewer discretion is advised!
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Mount Suribachi

The Atom Bomb
Early in 1939, the world's scientific community discovered that German physicists had learned the secrets of splitting a uranium atom.
Fears soon spread over the possibility of Nazi scientists utilizing that energy to produce a bomb capable of unspeakable destruction.
Albert Einstein, who fled Nazi persecution, was living in the United States. Einstein wrote a letter to President Roosevelt, urging the development of an atomic research program.

The Manhattan Project
What was the Manhattan Project?
The code name for the American effort to design and build an atom bomb

Testing Atomic Bomb
The main assembly plant was in Los Alamos, New Mexico.
Robert Oppenheimer was in charge at Los Alamos.
By 1941, nearly $2 BILLION was spent on research and development of the atomic bomb.
Secrecy was key. Churchill and Truman did not want Stalin aware - until the time was right.
July 16, 1945 - the first atomic bomb was tested at the Trinity Site in New Mexico. It busted windows over 100 miles away.

J. Robert Oppenheimer and General Groves

Land Invasion or Atomic Bomb?
Land Invasion PROS
We have secured the island's necessary
Less Japanese civilian casualties
Land Invasion CONS
The cost of American lives
Potential for the war to continue for a year or years because the Japanese were willing to fight to the death
Atomic Bomb PROS
Bring the quickest possible end to the war
No loss of American lives
Already spent $2 billion dollars
Demonstrate our strength and dominance to Japan and other nations
Atomic Bomb CONS
Complete destruction
Death of innocent civilians
Begin the nuclear age - now other countries want nuclear weapons

Harry Truman decides to drop the A-Bomb
Prior to using the bomb, we asked that the Japanese unconditionally surrender and Emperor Hirohito admit that he was not a living god.
Harry Truman believed this would be bring the quickest possible end to the war.

Hiroshima & Nagasaki
On August 6, 1945 an American B-29 bomber dropped the world’s first deployed atomic bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima. “Little Boy”
The explosion wiped out 90 percent of the city and immediately killed 80,000 people; tens of thousands more would later die of radiation exposure.
Three days later, August 9, 1945, a second B-29 dropped another A-bomb on Nagasaki, killing an estimated 40,000 people. “Fat Man”

Japan's Unconditional Surrender
At noon on August 15, 1945, Emperor Hirohito announced his country’s surrender in a radio broadcast.
The news spread quickly, and “Victory in Japan” or “V-J Day” celebrations broke out across the United States and other Allied nations.
The formal surrender agreement was signed on September 2, aboard the U.S. battleship Missouri, anchored in Tokyo Bay.

Aftermath of the Atomic Bomb
Death of civilians
Injury - Burns
Blindness (Temporary & Permanent)
Radiation Sickness
Birth Defects
Cancer
Environment destroyed
Infrastructure destroyed
Beginning of the Nuclear Age

Hiroshima

President Obama in Hiroshima

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