[5300-YEAR-OLD MURDER MYSTERY] - Dump

Reading Comprehension Answer Guide:

  1. B

  2. C

  3. B

  4. D

  5. D

  6. freezing

  7. sheep

  8. 61

  9. pain

  10. acupuncture

  11. TRUE

  12. FALSE

  13. FALSE

  14. TRUE

  15. NOT GIVEN

  16. deep-cut

  17. spring (or "early summer")

  18. 2,500

  19. 3,000

  20. artery

Word Dump

  1. [traverse] [di chuyển qua lại] [verb] [/træˈvɜːrs/] [to travel across or through.] [Two hikers ___________ the Ötzal Alps on the border of Austria and Italy discovered a corpse emerging from the ice.]

  2. • [border] [ranh giới] [noun] [/ˈbɔːrdər/] [the line or frontier that separates one country, state, province, etc., from another.] [Two hikers traversing the Ötzal Alps on the ___________ of Austria and Italy discovered a corpse emerging from the ice.]

  3. • [corpse] [thi thể] [noun] [/kɔːps/] [the dead body of a human being.] [Two hikers traversing the Ötzal Alps on the border of Austria and Italy discovered a ___________ emerging from the ice.]

  4. • [emerge] [hiện ra] [verb] [/iˈmɜːrdʒ/] [to come into view or become apparent.] [Two hikers traversing the Ötzal Alps on the border of Austria and Italy discovered a corpse ___________ from the ice.]

  5. • [initially] [ban đầu] [adverb] [/ɪˈnɪʃəli/] [at the beginning or first.] [Researchers soon realized they weren't looking at the victim of a recent climbing accident, as ___________ assumed, but the mummified body of a man who'd lived about 5,300 years ago.]

  6. • [assume] [giả định] [verb] [/əˈsuːm/] [to take for granted or suppose to be true.] [Researchers soon realized they weren't looking at the victim of a recent climbing accident, as initially ___________, but the mummified body of a man who'd lived about 5,300 years ago.]

  7. • [mummify] [làm mộ/ ướp xác] [verb] [/ˈmʌmɪfaɪ/] [to preserve (a body) as a mummy.] [Researchers soon realized they weren't looking at the victim of a recent climbing accident, as initially assumed, but the ___________ body of a man who'd lived about 5,300 years ago.]

  8. • [alpine] [thuộc dãy núi Alps] [adjective] [/ˈælpaɪn/] [relating to or characteristic of high mountain regions or the Alps.] [One early theory for Ötzi's ___________ death was that he was a local shepherd or hunter who got caught in bad weather and froze.]

  9. • [shepherd] [người chăn cừu] [noun] [/ˈʃepərd/] [a person who herds, guards, and tends sheep.] [One early theory for Ötzi's alpine death was that he was a local ___________ or hunter who got caught in bad weather and froze.]

  10. • [upend] [lật ngược lại] [verb] [/ʌpˈend/] [to turn (something) upside down or topsy-turvy.] [However, a shocking discovery eventually revealed his true cause of death and ___________ his story.]

  11. • [millennium] [thiên niên kỷ] [noun] [/mɪˈleniəm/] [a period of one thousand years.] [Over the ___________, the Alpine cold and sun protected Ötzi's body from decomposition, freezing and drying it out in cycles.]

  12. • [decompose] [phân hủy] [verb] [/diːkəmˈpoʊz/] [to break down or rot, as organic matter.] [Over the millennia, the Alpine cold and sun protected Ötzi's body from ___________, freezing and drying it out in cycles.]

  13. • [critical] [quan trọng] [adjective] [/ˈkrɪtɪkəl/] [extremely important; essential.] [Over the millennia, the Alpine cold and sun protected Ötzi's body from decomposition, freezing and drying it out in cycles, and leaving ___________ clues for researchers.]

  14. • [cardiovascular] [thuộc hệ tim mạch] [adjective] [/ˌkɑːrdiˈoʊvæskjələr/] [relating to the heart and blood vessels.] [He led an active life but had a strong genetic predisposition for ___________ diseases.]

  15. • [intestine] [ruột] [noun] [/ɪnˈtestɪn/] [the part of the digestive system consisting of the small and large intestines.] [His ___________ were also parasitized by whipworms and his stomach contained ulcer-causing bacteria.]

  16. • [parasite] [ký sinh trùng] [noun] [/ˈpærəsaɪt/] [an organism that lives in or on another organism (its host) and benefits by deriving nutrients from it or by obtaining shelter or other advantages from it.] [His intestines were also ___________ by whipworms and his stomach contained ulcer-causing bacteria.]

  17. • [construct] [xây dựng] [verb] [/kənˈstrʌkt/] [to build or put together (something) from parts or materials.] [He died hundreds of years before Stonehenge and the Great Pyramid were ___________, around 3350 BCE.]

  18. • [extraction] [trích xuất] [noun] [/ˌekˈstræk.ʃən/] [the process of obtaining a substance, especially a metal, from an ore or other source.] [Ötzi lived during the late Neolithic Copper Age when metal ___________ and crafting practices were spreading throughout Eurasia.]

  19. • [arrowhead] [ngọn mũi tên] [noun] [/ˈærəʊhed/] [the pointed end of an arrow, typically made of stone, metal, or other material.] [Along with stone ___________ and knives, Ötzi carried an axe made of copper from what is now Tuscany.]

  20. • [copper] [đồng] [noun] [/ˈkɒpər/] [a reddish-brown metallic element that is a good conductor of heat and electricity.] [Along with stone arrowheads and knives, Ötzi carried an axe made of ___________ from what is now Tuscany.]

  21. • [swathe] [băng] [noun] [/sweɪð/] [a wide strip or area.] [___________ of his clothing were made of sheep and goat leather.]

  22. • [cultivate] [trồng trọt] [verb] [/ˈkʌltɪveɪt/] [to prepare and use (land) for growing crops or garden plants.] [and his diet included ___________ grains, all of which suggested that Ötzi's people relied on certain domesticated animals and crops.]

  23. • [rely] [phụ thuộc] [verb] [/rɪˈlaɪ/] [to depend on or trust in (someone or something) for aid, support, etc.] [and his diet included cultivated grains, all of which suggested that Ötzi's people ___________ on certain domesticated animals and crops.]

  24. • [domestic] [thuộc trong nước] [adjective] [/dəˈmestɪk/] [relating to the home, family, or household.] [and his diet included cultivated grains, all of which suggested that Ötzi's people relied on certain ___________ animals and crops.]

  25. • [inspect] [kiểm tra] [verb] [/ɪnˈspekt/] [to examine or scrutinize carefully.] [When researchers ___________ Ötzi's skin with light ranging from infrared to UV, they found a total of 61 tattoos.]

  26. • [correspond] [tương ứng] [verb] [/ˌkɒrɪˈspɒnd/] [to be in agreement, conformity, or consistency.] [Interestingly, the markings ___________ with areas of Ötzi's body where he probably experienced pain.]

  27. • [degeneration] [sự thoái hóa] [noun] [/diːˌdʒenəˈreɪʃən/] [the process of deteriorating or declining.] [like ___________ observed in his knees, ankles, and spine.]

  28. • [intend] [dự định] [verb] [/ɪnˈtend/] [to have in mind as a purpose or goal; design.] [Researchers think that the tattoos might have been ___________ as treatment—perhaps an early form of acupuncture.]

  29. • [acupuncture] [châm cứu] [noun] [/ˈækjʊpʌŋktʃər/] [a form of alternative medicine in which thin needles are inserted into the body at specific points to relieve pain or for therapeutic purposes.] [Researchers think that the tattoos might have been intended as treatment—perhaps an early form of _________.]

  30. • [scrutiny] [sự kiểm tra kỹ lưỡng] [noun] [/ˈskruːtɪni/] [close and careful examination or inspection.] [___________ also clarified the circumstances of Ötzi's death—and led to a tantalizing prehistoric murder mystery.]

  31. • [clarify] [làm rõ] [verb] [/ˈklærɪfaɪ/] [to make (something) clear or easier to understand.] [Close scrutiny also ___________ the circumstances of Ötzi's death—and led to a tantalizing prehistoric murder mystery.]

  32. • [tantalizing] [dụ dỗ] [adjective] [/ˈtæntəlaɪzɪŋ/] [arousing interest or curiosity in an attractive but tantalizing and elusive way.] [Close scrutiny also clarified the circumstances of Ötzi's death—and led to a ___________ prehistoric murder mystery.]

  33. • [flint] [đá lửa] [noun] [/flɪnt/] [a hard, gray rock that was formerly used to make tools and strike fire.] [A decade into studying Ötzi, a CT scan picked up a crucial detail: there was a ___________ arrowhead lodged in Ötzi's left shoulder.]

  34. • [arrowhead] [ngọn mũi tên] [noun] [/ˈærəʊhed/] [the pointed end of an arrow, typically made of stone, metal, or other material.] [A decade into studying Ötzi, a CT scan picked up a crucial detail: there was a flint ___________ lodged in Ötzi's left shoulder.]

  35. • [lodge] [cắm, đâm] [verb] [/lɒdʒ/] [to fix or place firmly in a particular position.] [A decade into studying Ötzi, a CT scan picked up a crucial detail: there was a flint arrowhead ___________ in Ötzi's left shoulder.]

  36. • [defensive] [phòng thủ] [adjective] [/dɪˈfensɪv/] [intended or used to defend or protect.] [It was likely a ___________ wound which indicated that Ötzi was attacked with a sharp blade but fought back and survived.]

  37. • [blade] [lưỡi dao] [noun] [/bleɪd/] [the flat part of a knife, sword, or other cutting instrument.] [It was likely a defensive wound which indicated that Ötzi was attacked with a sharp ___________ but fought back and survived.]

  38. • [antiseptic] [chống nhiễm trùng] [adjective] [/æntiˈseptɪk/] [preventing or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause infection or disease.] [Ötzi may have dressed the wound with bog moss, which has ___________ properties and was found with his remains.]

  39. • [pollen] [phấn hoa] [noun] [/ˈpɒlən/] [the fine, powdery substance consisting of microscopic grains discharged from the male part of a flower (the stamen) which fertilizes the female part (the pistil).] [Meanwhile, the types and location of ___________ in Ötzi's digestive tract indicated that it was spring or early summer.]

  40. • [digestive] [thuộc hệ tiêu hóa] [adjective] [/daɪˈdʒestɪv/] [relating to or connected with the digestion of food.] [Meanwhile, the types and location of pollen in Ötzi's ___________ tract indicated that it was spring or early summer.]

  41. • [hectic] [vội vã] [adjective] [/ˈhektɪk/] [full of activity, movement, or excitement; chaotic.] [and that his last three days were _________.]

  42. [altitude] [độ cao] [noun] [/ˈæltɪˌtjuːd/] [the height of a place above the level of the sea.] [About 33 hours before his death, Ötzi was at an ___________ of around 2,500 meters, near the timberline.]

  43. • [timberline] [giới hạn gỗ] [noun] [/ˈtɪmbərlaɪn/] [the highest elevation at which trees can grow in a particular region.] [About 33 hours before his death, Ötzi was at an altitude of around 2,500 meters, near the _________.]

  44. • [descend] [xuống] [verb] [/dɪˈsend/] [to go, move, or fall downward.] [Then, approximately 24 hours later, he ___________ to at least 1,200 meters, to a zone of warmth-loving trees.]

  45. • [sedge] [cỏ đuôi chuột] [noun] [/sedʒ/] [a grasslike plant that typically grows in wet habitats.] [In his final hours, Ötzi reached an altitude of around 3,000 meters where grasses, ___________, and certain wildflowers dominated.]

  46. • [helping] [phần] [noun] [/ˈhelpɪŋ/] [an amount of food served as a single portion.] [His last meal included a large ___________ of dried wild ibex, roe deer, and grains.]

  47. • [apparent] [rõ ràng] [adjective] [/əˈpærənt/] [clearly revealed or obvious to the eye or mind.] [Then, despite Ötzi's ___________ efforts to escape the conflict, someone at a distant vantage shot him from behind.]

  48. • [conflict] [xung đột] [noun] [/ˈkɒnflɪkt/] [a serious disagreement or argument.] [Then, despite Ötzi's apparent efforts to escape the ___________, someone at a distant vantage shot him from behind.]

  49. • [artery] [động mạch] [noun] [/ˈɑːrtəri/] [a thick-walled blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to the body's tissues.] [The arrow pierced a major ___________ and embedded itself in his left shoulder, causing extensive blood loss.]

  50. • [embed] [cắm vào] [verb] [/ɪmˈbed/] [to fix or set (something) firmly in a surrounding mass.] [The arrow pierced a major artery and ___________ itself in his left shoulder, causing extensive blood loss.]

  51. • [extensive] [rộng lớn] [adjective] [/ɪkˈstensɪv/] [large in scale or degree; extensive.] [The arrow pierced a major artery and embedded itself in his left shoulder, causing ___________ blood loss.]

  52. • [belonging] [vật sở hữu] [noun] [/bɪˈlɒŋɪŋ/] [an item of personal property.] [Ötzi probably died soon after, his remains and all his ___________ left undisturbed in the glacier for millennia.]

  53. • [glimpse] [nhìn thoáng qua] [noun] [/ɡlɪmps/] [a brief or partial view.] [This 5,300-year-old cold case has offered invaluable ___________ into the distant past.]

  54. • [tangible] [hữu hình] [adjective] [/ˈtændʒəbəl/] [able to be touched or felt; real or concrete.] [But the mystery of who exactly Ötzi was and why he was killed will probably never be solved—the ___________ evidence for the act degraded and carried away, lost to snow drifts long ago.]

  55. • [degrade] [suy giảm] [verb] [/dɪˈɡreɪd/] [to become worse in quality; deteriorate.] [But the mystery of who exactly Ötzi was and why he was killed will probably never be solved—the tangible evidence for the act ___________ and carried away, lost to snow drifts long ago.]