1950s - 1960s APUSH (copy)
1. The Cold War
- Origins of the Cold War (Yalta Conference, Potsdam Conference)
- Truman Doctrine and Containment
- Marshall Plan and European Recovery
- Berlin Blockade and Airlift
- Korean War and the concept of limited war
2. Civil Rights Movement
- Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka and school desegregation
- Montgomery Bus Boycott and Rosa Parks
- Civil Rights Act of 1957 and 1960
- Little Rock Nine and the integration of Central High School
- Sit-ins and Freedom Rides
- March on Washington and "I Have a Dream" speech
- Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965
3. Presidencies
- Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961) and the Eisenhower Doctrine
- John F. Kennedy (1961-1963) and the New Frontier
- Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-1969) and the Great Society
4. Social and Cultural Changes
- The Beat Generation and counterculture movements
- Feminist movement and Betty Friedan's "The Feminine Mystique"
- Youth culture and the influence of rock and roll music
- Changes in family structure and gender roles
5. Foreign Policy
- Cuban Revolution and rise of Fidel Castro
- Bay of Pigs Invasion and Cuban Missile Crisis
- Vietnam War and the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
- Anti-war movement and draft resistance
6. Technological Advancements
- Space Race and the launch of Sputnik
- National Defense Education Act and emphasis on science education
7. Key Figures
- Martin Luther King Jr. and his role in the Civil Rights Movement
- Malcolm X and his advocacy for black nationalism
- John F. Kennedy and his presidency's impact on American society
- Lyndon B. Johnson and his domestic policies
8. Important Events
- Eisenhower's farewell address and warning about the military-industrial complex
- Cuban Missile Crisis and the threat of nuclear war
- Assassinations of John F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King Jr.
The 1950s
Civil rights movement
Einshower never meant to be a civil right president but due to the circumstances he had to.
Emmett Till 14 yr old boy from chicago visiting family in mississippi a white woman accused the boy of harassing her (It was fake) and he gets tortured and killed by the family of that woman. Her mom shows the people the body of his son to spread awareness of the lynching and will spark attention to Jim Crow laws in the south.
Elle warren chief justice in the supreme court in 1953, lawyer in California.
- There's no requirement to be part of the supreme court.
John Marshall 6th chief justice would shape the court and constitutional interpretation.
Brown v. Board of Education
Linda Johnson African American elementary school, denied entry to a school of whites, black people being denied education and mistreated.
The court will overthrow the plessy v and state that separate but equal is inherently unequal.
Massive resistance from the south and fight against the court.
Eisenhower will see the Warren court as his biggest mistake because he thought it was conservative and he was a liberty.
Movement is Virginia where it would cut all school aid to resist desegregation.
Takes 8 years to get integrated schools.
Orval Faubus Arkansas government will order for the national guard to surround a highschool to prevent 9 black students from entering
The Little Rock Nine.
Einshower sends federal troops into the south, he also nationalizes the national guard and commands them to protect the children who were denied the right to go to school.
No students will go to school that day.
Rosa Park (Bus Boycott)
Activist of the civil rights movement, refused to give up her seat to a white person, she will be arrested and fined.
Martin Luther King
Leader of the civil rights movement, would last over a year, protests.
Boycott buses, never use them, decreasing the economy.
Leaders arrested because of the Montgomery bus boycott.
segregation in buses tuns unconstitutional
SCLC
Nonviolent resistance similar to ghandis against the british.
Led by Martin Luther KIng
Moral arguments could change aggressors ideologies.
Greensboro Sit-In
Go anywhere they were not allowed to be and not leave.
SNCC (Student nonviolent coordinating committee)
They won't resist if they are arrested.
Successful tactics to end segregation.
Resistance ends in Virginia, a change.
Political economical equality.
Culture of the 1950s
American dream (Suburb house, married couple with kids and a dog).
More equitable division of growth in the 1950s incomes.
Consumer culture (Celebrity culture)
Movies
Celebrities (Marilyn Monroe) (Lucille Ball / Comedy)
Television (New item of conspicuous consumption)
- Led to a national culture as everyone is seeing the same thing
- Access to news and entertainment creating more celebrities.
- Increase in teenagers (baby boomers) will be spending twice as much consumer goods twice than Austria.
- Cars of the 1950s.
- Evolution of cars, steel cars, long and heavy, any colors, different styles.
- Rock & Roll (Sex), part of American identity.
- Elvis Presley (King of rock & roll)
- Little Richard (Race music won’t be played in mainstream radios)
- Pat boone is copycat
Ike & The Cold war
Brinkmanship
Secretary of state
Massive retaliation concept that is you watch anything that could be a threat.
- Idea that nuclear weapons are the best to stop nuclear weapons.
Create new militaries with massive numbers of bombers and nuclear bombs.
Fallout Shelters
False sense of security, the constant fear of destruction can lead to anarchy and we don’t want that, but if they don’t scare then there's conformity, so in order to balance that Fallout Shelters are created.
Everyone will buy them (Consumerism in the cold war).
Era of conformity, trust the government.
The fear unites Americans.
New Developments Stalin dies
Nikita Khrushchev becomes soviet premier.
Peaceful coexistence
Domino theory
Hungarian Uprising: Hungary rises up against communism.
Crushed by soviets.
Arms Race
Sputnik
It was visible once it was in orbit.
Fake prototype.
Creation of Nasa so we have a unified space program.
The government will create the national education defense act, to improve American education, directed towards Math, Science and world language.
Yuri Gargain, first human in space (Russian astronaut) beats the United States by a month or two. Valentina trosuhtoba.
Feel of the soviets being ahead of the United States, great fear of them being better.
Alan Shepard, second human in space, big loss for the United States.
The U-2 Incident
Planes that flew high enough to be out of the radar and take good quality pictures, couldn't be shut down because of the altitude they flew in and thought they would never be seen.
The United States invaded the soviet air force, considered a war threat and was shut down by the soviets. The United States lied to the Soviets, the Soviets play along but then show the pilot alive to the United States, the president amidst he was spying on them but doesn’t apologize.
SPY trade.
Iran (Mohammed Moussadegh)
He wants to nationalize oil wells.
CAI will remove him because that sounded like communism.
The Shah a king, an American ally. Overthrown in the 1970s.
Now we have no relations with Iran.
The Suez Crisis
Suez canal built by british and the french to allow trading in the mediterranean.
Gamal Adbel Nasser, leader in egypt he would take from the british and french leading the french british and israel to attack egypt.
Proxy wars between the US and Soviet Union.
Cuba (Fidel Castro)
Overthrow the dictator of Cuba and brought communist change to the island.
Cuba was a hot spot during the cold war.
Spread the revolution in central and south America.
Closest we will get to world war 3
The eisenhower era
Conservative but will do the most public work in the United States
Dynamic conservation, extend the new deal
Interstate Highway System, 42 miles of freeways in the United States all around the country.
Speed up suburbanization, 90% of costs to the government and 10% the states, railroads are the losers in this situation as they can’t move directions.
Growth of labor AFL - CIO
New states (Alaska & Hawaii)