patholic and procedures

bradycardia and heart block (atrioventricular block):Failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His).

coarctation of the aorta (CoA: Narrowing (coarctation) of the aorta.

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA):Passageway (ductus arteriosus) between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open (patent) after birth.

congestive heart failure (CHF):Heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood.

coronary artery disease (CAD):Disease of the arteries surrounding the heart.

Atherosclerosis:Arrow points to accumulated plaque in lumen of an artery

Ischemia and infarction:produced by coronary artery occlusion

infarct:myocardial infarction

Atherosclerotic plaque:forms from lipid collection

aneurysm:Local widening (dilation) of an arterial wall.

hypertension (HTN):High blood pressure.

essential hypertension,:Most high blood pressure with no identifiable cause.

varicose veins:Abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs

angina (pectoris) Chest pain resulting from myocardial ischemia. Stable angina occurs predictably with exertion; unstable angina is chest pain that occurs more often and with less exertion.

auscultation Listening for sounds in blood vessels or other body structures, typically using a stethoscope.

cardiac tamponade Pressure on the heart caused by fluid in the pericardial space.

infarction Area of dead tissue.

occlusionm Closure of a blood vessel due to blockage.

patent Open.

petechiae Small, pinpoint hemorrhages.

ipoprotein electrophoresis:Lipoproteins (combinations of fat and protein) are physically separated and measured in a blood sample.

Examples of lipoproteins:are low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

high-density lipoprotein:(HDL)

angiography:X-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material,Arteriography

cardiac catheterization:Thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery.

electrocardiography (ECG):Recording of electricity flowing through the heart.

coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG):Arteries and veins are anastomosed to coronary arteries to detour around blockages.

endarterectomy:Surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery.\

percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI):Balloon-tipped catheter is inserted into a coronary artery to open the artery; stents are put in place.

thrombolytic therapy:Drugs to dissolve clots are injected into the bloodstream of patients with coronary thrombosis.

pericardiocentesis:is used to relieve the pressure on the myocardium

heart block:sinoatrial node damage, results in bradycardia 60

During diastole, the tricuspid and mitral valves are open as blood enters the ventricles.

During systole, the pulmonary and aortic valves are open as blood is pumped to the pulmonary artery and aorta.

apex heart:(shaped like a cone) lower tip of the heart.