Sports Med History Notes
What caused
disease and
illness?
o Supernatural spirits
How was disease
treated?
o Herbs
o Plants
o Ceremonies
(Exorcism)
• Tribal doctor
(witchdoctor) would
try to drive out the
evil spirits
Who kept the earliest health records?
o Egyptians
• Developed the art of splinting
Who were the first to determine
disease might have a natural cause?
o Greeks
• Found due to lack of sanitation
Who is the “father of Medicine”?
o Hippocrates
Who developed the first sanitation
systems?
o Romans
• Organized medical care and
started hospital for the military
Who monitored the pulse/blood
pressure
o Chinese
• Used acupuncture
Life expectancy = 20-35
Dark and Middle Ages
Study of medicine stopped
What was the primary treatment for disease
during the Dark and Middle Ages?
o prayer
Epidemics were common
o Bubonic plague (killed 60 million people)
o Smallpox
o Diphtheria
o Syphilis
o Tuberculosis
Life expectancy = 20-30
The Middle Ages
Life expectancy = 20
-35
Renewed interest in
Medicine!
Major diseases:
Smallpox,
diphtheria, TB, the
Plague
Rhazes (Abu Bakr al-
Razi):
o Known as the Arab
Hippocrates
o Signs and
symptoms
diagnosis
Renaissance
Rebirth of learning
Medical Developments:
o Universities and medical schools
o Search for new ideas about disease
o Acceptance ofDissection of the body for study
• Used by Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci to make
realistic pictures
o Printing press was invented - for medical books
Life expectancy = 40
The History of
Healthcare
1.Who studied and recorded the anatomy of the
human body?
2.Who described the circulation of blood through the
heart?
3.Who discovered the method of vaccination for
smallpox?
4.Who discovered that tiny microorganisms are
everywhere?
5.Who was the first physician to use antiseptic during
surgery?
6.Who discovered x-rays?
7.Who discovered penicillin?
8.Who developed the first polio vaccine?
9.Who discovered DNA?
Sixteenth and
Seventeenth Centuries
Who studied and recorded the anatomy of the
human body?
o Leonardo da Vinci
Who described the circulation of blood through
the heart?
o William Harvey
First to develop the microscope
o Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Evented the Smallpox vaccine
o Edward Jenner
Father of Modern Surgery
o Ambroise Pare
Life expectancy = 35-45
Eighteenth Century
Who discovered the method of vaccination for
smallpox?
o Edward Jenner
What did Benjamin Franklin do during this time?
o Bifocals
o Colds passed from person to person
Life expectancy = 50
Nineteenth and
Twentieth Centuries
Who discovered that tiny microorganisms are
everywhere?
o Louis Pasteur
Who was the first physician to use antiseptic during
surgery?
o Joseph Lister
Who discovered x-rays?
o Wilhelm Roentgen in 1895
Who discovered penicillin?
o Sir Alexander Fleming in 1928
Who developed the first polio vaccine?
o Jonas Salk in 1954
Who discovered DNA?
o Francis Crick and James Watson won Noble Prize in 1966
Life expectancy = 60’s and 70’s
What about the
women?
Who is the founder of modern nursing?
o Florence Nightingale
Who is the founder of the Red Cross?
o Clara Barton
First Female Physician in US
o Elizabeth Blackwell 1849