kinesiology anatomy lecture 2

Syllabus Overview

  • Discussion of upcoming course schedule and events.

Upcoming Guests

  • Dr. Bouquet

    • Pediatrician with around 10 years of experience.
    • An alumna of LSU Kinesiology.
    • Encouraged to share her journey from student to practicing physician.
    • Known for her engaging character and experience with cadaver anatomy courses.

  • Eugene

    • A Physician Assistant (PA), also an LSU Kinesiology alum.
    • Will share his experience from student life to PA school and current practice.

  • Purpose of guest speakers:

    • Share insights and wisdom for future career paths.
    • Networking opportunities with professionals in desired fields.

Course Logistics

  • Reflection papers due by Monday.
  • Anatomy Unit 5 will conclude on Friday.
  • Final teachings will include:
    • Recap of anatomy.
    • Human movement science topics.
    • Guidance on course sequencing and requirements for professional school applications (PA, med, dental).
    • Information on cadaver lab courses and related prerequisites.

Anatomical Position

  • Definition:
    • Erect posture with the body standing upright.
    • Palms facing anteriorly (forward).
    • This reference frame is used for consistent anatomical terminology.

Directions in Anatomy

  • Anterior: The front surface of the body (e.g., umbilicus is anterior).
  • Posterior: The back surface (e.g., gluteal muscles).
  • Medial: Closer to the midline of the body.
  • Lateral: Further from the midline (e.g., ribs are lateral to the sternum).
  • Superior: Closer to the head.
  • Inferior: Closer to the feet.

Proximal vs. Distal

  • Proximal: Closer to the attachment of a limb to the body (e.g., axilla is proximal to the carpal region).

  • Distal: Further from the limb's attachment to the body.

  • Note: These terms apply only to limbs and not the trunk.

Example of Proximal/Distal on Bones

  • Using a human skeleton (referred to as Huey):
    • The humerus is proximal compared to the radius, which is more distal.

Important Anatomical Terms

  • Right vs. Left: Always referenced from the patient's perspective, not the observer’s.
  • Sarcomeres: The structural units of skeletal muscle that facilitate contraction.
  • Sliding Filament Hypothesis: Describes how muscle fibers contract by sliding over one another.

Joints and Movements

  • Articulations: Connections between bones where movement occurs.
    • e.g., shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) and elbow joint (hinge joint).
  • Biarticular vs. Uniarticular Muscles:
    • Biarticular: Muscles that cross two joints (e.g., biceps brachii).
    • Uniarticular: Muscles that affect only one joint.

Muscle Physiology

  • Importance of recognizing which joints a muscle crosses to understand its function in movement.

Conducting Research in Anatomy

  • Importance of reading research articles:
    • Read the abstract, introduction, and conclusion for effective comprehension.
  • Author Order:
    • Indicates contribution level; first author did the most work, and it’s essential to retain this order in references.

Types of Studies in Anatomy

  • In vivo: Research conducted on living subjects.
  • In vitro: Studies done in controlled environments, often using cadavers or non-living samples.

Muscle Studies & Functionality

  • Types of Muscle Tissue:
    • Skeletal Muscle: Attaches to bones; focuses of this course.
    • Cardiac Muscle: Found in the heart.
    • Smooth Muscle: Found in walls of organs (e.g., bladder).
  • Types of contractions to understand:
    • Concentrating on both muscle shortening and neurological involvements to activate muscle choices.

Review and Practical Considerations

  • Reinforcement of anatomical terminology with practical examples (e.g., discussing muscles with a focus on accurate anatomical positioning).

  • Utilizing anatomical research to reinforce learning through real-world anatomical practice cases and interactive learning with peers.

  • Students should familiarize themselves with the importance of indications and function of muscle tissue throughout their medical education journey.