Lecture 2

Importance of Attitude and Education

• Zig Ziglar quote: "Not your aptitude will determine your altitude."

• Presentation and attitude are more important than mere knowledge or skills.

• Will Durant quote: "Education is progressive discovery of our own ignorance."

Review of Chapter One

• Recap of Mr. Moose: voice recognition and digitized speech.

Bitmap Graphics

• Bitmap format: Large file size; uses a lot of storage.

• Comprised of pixels, which are rectangles that form images on screens.

• The RGB color model: Each color intensity ranges from 0 to 255, allowing for 16.7 million colors.

• Pixelation: Occurs when an image is zoomed in, revealing the distinct pixels.

• Color Depth: Number of colors in an image; can reduce from 16.7 million to 1 million with minimal visual difference.

• Image Resolution: Total number of pixels (width x height).

Types of Graphics

Vector Graphics

• Defined as a set of instructions for creating shapes based on size, position, and color.

• Vector graphics retain quality regardless of scaling, as they are formulas, not pixel-based images.

• Common in: logos, fonts, diagrams, illustrations, and shapes in software.

• Rasterization: Converting vector graphics into bitmap format.

3D Graphics

• Uses wireframes to represent structures in three dimensions.

• Rendering: The process of adding texture and color to a wireframe model.

• Ray Tracing: Adding realistic light and shadow effects to enhance depth perception in 3D graphics.

Digital Video

• Each video frame is a bitmap.

• Frame rate: Determines how many frames appear per second (commonly 24fps for movies, up to 60fps for gaming).

• Interlace vs. Progressive Scanning:

  • Interlaced Scanning: Used by TVs; draws two lines at a time.

  • Progressive Scanning: Used by computer monitors; draws one line at a time.

Video Compression

• Lossy Compression: Some data is lost after compressing.

• Lossless Compression: Original data can be restored after compression.

• Intra frame: Analyzes a single frame for similarities.

• Inter frame: Stores differences between frames for more efficient compression.

• Codec: A combination of compressing and decompressing.

Graphic File Formats

Established Formats

• Bitmap (BMP): Native to Windows, large file size, used for UI elements.

• Raw: Unprocessed image format directly from cameras.

• TIFF: Versatile format, easily converted.

• JPEG: Compressed format commonly used online.

• GIF: Used for simple animations.

• PNG: Portable Network Graphics for higher quality images.

Video Formats

• Common formats include: MPEG, AVI, MOV.

Exam Content Summary

• Key topics include: World Wide Web, binary, ASCII, audio formats (WAV, AAC, MP3, WMA), MIDI, bitmap formats, pixelation, vector graphics, and more.

Fair Use and Transformative Work

• Fair use allows limited use of copyrighted material without permission, mostly for criticism, comment, or review.

• Transformative work: Changes original content enough to be considered new creation, important in copyright disputes.

Digital Devices - Introduction to Chapter Two

• Computer: A device that accepts input, processes, stores data, and produces output.

• Peripheral Devices: Devices attached to the computer but external to it (monitor, keyboard, printer).

• CPU: Central processing unit responsible for executing instructions.

• Memory: RAM (temporary) and ROM (permanent/storage), essential for operation.