The element carbon is the most important out of all the elements that make up living matter. It has a simple atomic structure that can bond with other atoms of other elements to create complex molecules, which makes it the basis of all living matter. E.g., proteins, simple sugars, carbohydrates and fats, these carbon-based compounds are the building blocks of life.
Stores - where carbon is held, creates cycles + feedback
Fluxes - the rate of flow between stores (aka sinks, pools)
Systems - how the carbon cycle operates with inputs, outputs, stores + flows
Anthropogenic - processes + actions associated with human activity
Organic - carbon found in living organisms
Reservoir turnover - the rate at which carbon enters + leaves a store is measured by the mass of carbon in any store divided by the exchange flux
Petagrams (Pg) or Gigatonnes (Gt) - the units used to measure carbon, 1 petagram (aka 1 gigatonne) is equal to a trillion Kg, or 1 billion tonnes
Photosynthesis - how plants with chlorophyll (green plants) produce energy from carbon + water
Respiration - breathing
Decomposition - the breaking down of organic matter, resulting in the release of carbon
Combustion - burning oxygen
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The carbon cycle is a natural cycle that moves carbon between land, oceans and the atmosphere. This movement involves a number of chemical reactions that create new stores which trap carbon for significant periods of time. There tends to be a natural balance between carbon production and absorption within this cycle. However, there can be occasional disruptions and short periods before the equilibrium is restored, such as when large volcanic eruptions emit large quantities of carbon into the atmosphere or when natural climate change occurs.
The (slow) geological carbon cycle
The (fast) biological (bio-geological) carbon cycle
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If the sources equal the sink, the carbon cycle is balanced or in equilibrium, with no change in the size of stores. Humans have altered the stores and fluxes in various ways (anthropogenic factors).
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→ STORES: terrestrial (land), oceanic (oceans + seas), atmospheric (the air around us)
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%%Biosphere%%:
living organisms, trees, and plants (uses photosynthesis)
also stored in aquatic environments and animals
stores 0.0012% of carbon
concentrated geographically in forests (not evenly distributed)
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^^Atmosphere^^:
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%%Pedosphere%%:
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==Fossil fuels==:
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^^Hydrosphere^^:
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@@Lithosphere@@:
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