3.4 1 alkanes, alkenes, alkynes

1.Alkanes: simplest  hydrocarbons in which all bonds are single bonds, therefore they are saturated (with hydrogen)

Formula of 1.alkanes: CnH2n+2 (note for each ledd it is added one carbonatom and two hydrogenatoms)

Examples of 1.alkanes: methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8)

Methane: greenhousegass, simplest hydrocarbon, colorless, weights less than air, flammable

-

Methane structure: tetrahedron, carbonatoms - the center, hydrogenatioms -  the four corners. Make up 109.5 angle, (tetrahedronangle)

Methane nickname: tørrgass (drygass) because you can't easily press it into a liquid.

When methane is combined with air: explosive air, can make eksplosiveaccidents in mines.

Energigjenvinning: methane is a bio gass and can be used as fuel, warming in apartments.

Wetgasses: ethane, propane, butane. All gasses in room-temperature.  But can be a liquid easier than methane.

Chemical formula ethane: ethane (CH4)

-

Chemical formula Propane: propane (C3H8)

-

What we use as gass to fuel fires: propane and butane as fuel for gassstoaf, lighter, gas burner

 

Gasses as liquids at roomtemperature: Petane and hexane. Hydrocarbon compounds that have 5 or more carbonatoms in the chain.

 

Organic  solvents contents: commonly has alkanes in it

Why are organic solvents dangerous?: it can damage the cells in the central nerve-stystem, which is irreplacable, and can give permanent braindamage. However it can only give damage through exposure in a long duration of time.

Examples on organic solvents: white-spirit, terpentin, rødsprit, aceton.

2.Alkenes: hydrocarbons that contain one (or more) double bond, therefore they are unsaturated (with hydrogen, if the dobble bond is broken it could contain more hydrogenatoms) (umettede)

Where alkenes is often used in and why: often used as starting material in the petrochemical industry; to make plastic, because of its double bond.

Why is alkenes more reactive: because the double bond would want to form with other hydrogen atoms.

How alenes is made: krakking

Formula of 2.alkenes: CnH2n

Examples of 2. alkenes: ethene (C2H4), propene (C3H6), butene (C4H8), pentene (C5H10).

  •  What alkenes can be used for: different types of plastic, Pvc, PET

What type of plastic is used in plastic bags and wrapping: polethene

What type of plastic is used in plastic bottles: PET - Polyethylene terephthalate

 

 How is plastic made?: made from polymer (long organic molecules binded together with many units (monomer - alkenes), and makes a prosses called polymerization.

How is polythene made?: ethene molecules reacts with eachother, the dobble bond opens to take inn two new naboring molecules. Creats polymerization.

How long chains of ethen PE-plastic have?: up to 10 000 to 100 000 ethenmolecules.

-

Polymerization: when monomer reacts with eachother to make polymer.

PVC:

What i is Pvc: polyvinylklorid,

3.Alkynes: hydrocarbons that contain one (or more) tripple bond, therefore alkynes are also unsaturated (with hydrogen), four less than alkanes.

the reaction level of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes: alkanes<alkenes<alkynes.

Formula of 3.alkynes: CnH2n-2

Examples of 3.alkynes: ethyne(C2H2), propyne(C3H4), butyne(C4H6), pentayne(C5H8).