Cells and Body Tissues

Cytoplasm

• Contains nutrients necessary for growth, reproduction, and repair.

Lysosomes

• Organelles containing enzymes.

Mitochondrion

• Provides the energy for cellular activity.

Nucleus

• Control center of the cell.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Helps transport materials through the cell.
  • Rough reticulum: Site of attachment for ribosomes.
  • Smooth reticulum: Site of fat production.

Ribosomes

• Small, granular structures that play a key role in the assembly of proteins.

Golgi

• Organelle responsible for the modification and transport of proteins.

Body Tissue

• Cells that join together and carry out the same function for the body are called tissue.

Four Main Types of Tissue

• Epithelial
  • Lines both the inner and outer surfaces of the body.
  • Prevents wear and tear.
• Nervous
  • Made up of neurones, which are nerve cells.
  • Pass impulses around the body.
• Muscle
  • Tissues are long and thin.
  • When they contract, movement is produced.
• Connective
  • Connects other types of tissue together.

Epithelial Tissue

• Two categories: simple and compound.
• Simple epithelium
  • Functions as a covering or lining for organs and vessels.
• Compound epithelium
  • Provides external protection and internal elasticity.

Simple Epithelium

• Consists of a single layer of cells attached to a basement membrane.
• Four types:
  • Squamous or pavement
  • Cuboidal
  • Columnar
  • Ciliated