The Restoration of Centralized Imperial Rule in China
Yang Jian: Centralized rule, Sui Dynasty.
Sui Dynasty and the Grand Canal: Artificial waterways, expensive.
Early Tang success: Transportation networks, land distribution, merit-based bureaucracy.
Equal field system: Land distribution for stability.
Tang Dynasty downfall: Bad leadership, attacks.
The Song Dynasty
Weaker than Tang or Sui.
Financial issues: High taxes, many bureaucrats.
Military Weakness: Scholar bureaucrats led battles.
Southern Song: Capital moved to Hangzhou.
The Economic Development of Tang and Song China
Song Dynasty focus: Agriculture, technology, industry, commerce.
Agriculture: Fast rice, improved techniques, irrigation, increased population.
Wu Zhao: Only female Chinese leader.
Technological and Industrial Development: porcelain, metal (coal furnaces), gunpowder, printing, naval technology (compass).
Market Economy: Goods sold at markets, imports, paper money.
Cultural Change in Tang and Song China
Confucianism decline: Due to conflicting values.
Buddhism: Mahayana Buddhism became popular.
Buddhist cave temples in Dunhuang.
Neo-Confucianism: Drew inspiration from Buddhism.
Zhu Xi: Drew inspiration from Buddhists
Development of Complex Societies
China influenced Korea, Vietnam, and Japan.
Korea and Vietnam: Borrowed Chinese traditions.
The Silla Dynasty had good relationships with the Tang Dynasty.
Early Japan: Absorbed political and cultural influence from China.
Shinto revolves around nature.
Heian Japan fell: Equal field system failure, clan control, shogun.
Samurai: Professional warriors.
Muhammad and His Message
Islam rose in the Arabian Peninsula.
Muhammad born into family of merchants, married rich, became merchant.
The Quran: Teachings of Muhammad.
Ka'ba: Shrine in Mecca.
The Hijira (Migration): Start of the Islamic calendar.
The Umma (Community of the faithful).
5 Pillars of Islam: Allah only god, pray to Allahdaily, must fast during ramation, must
alms to the weak/par, if you have enough money, make at least one pilgamane to mecca
The Expansion of Islam
Abu Bakr: Caliph.
The Shia: Believed caliphs should be descendants.
The Umayyad Dynasty: Capital in Damascus, favored aristocrats.
Jizya: Tax for non-Muslims.
The Abbasid Dynasty: Focused on administration.
Baghdad: New capital.
Ulama/quadin: People solved disputes.
New Crops, Agricultural Experimentation, and Urban Growth
New crops introduced, varied diet, increased food.
Paper manufacture appeared in Islamic cities.
Camels common for overland trade.
Water travel and ports used for trade, gold coins used as currency.
Islamic Spain: Prosperity.
Changing Status of Women: Could inherit, divorce, engage in business, Quran reinforced male dominance.
Islamic Values and Cultural Exchanges
Arabic Quran is the only real version Muslims.
Sufis-Islamic Missionaries
Hajj: Pilgrimage.
Islamic traditions of Persia, India, Greece.
Translators and travelers created translations of literary and scientific works.
Persian Influence on Islam-kingship and literary works
Indian Influence on Islam -Mathmatics, Science and medicine (Hindi Numerly)
Greek Influence, on Islam Philisophy, Mathmatics, Science, Medicine
Ilton Rusho v Gradi of Seville in the caliphate of Cordoba
Islamic and Hind Kingdoms
Northern India politically chaotic.
Harsha: Ruled India at 16, Buddhist, kind to other faiths.
Collapse of Harsha's Kingdom to Local rulers.
Islam reached India by military, merchants, migrants.
Mahmud of Ghazni leader of the turks, built Ghazni.
Sultanate of Delhi: Built mosques and shrines, capital in Delhi.
Production and Trade
Indian Ocean Basin became communication and exchange zone.
Monsoons important for farming, irrigation.
Temples used for school, agriculture.
Cross Cultural Trade in IOB.
Dhows and Junks used in India and china.
Cotton textiles influenced Indian economy.
Axum: Adopted Christianity.
Religious Developments in South Asia
Jainism and Buddhism lost followers, Hinduism and Islamic traditions became more popular.
Hinduism: Many Gods.
Vishnu and Shiva most important deities.
Devotional Cultis.
Shanhara: A southern Indian devotee of Shivs.
Ramanuja: Devotee of Vishnu Challenged Shankaras insistence.
Appest to folam Muslim conquerers never let indish, hald sensitive posts.
Guru Kabir bhakti teacher.
The Influence of Indish Society in southeast Asia
Political styles, islam became a permanent feature of southeastasia
political styles, islam became a permanent feature
Indian merchants often visited Islands tatrade spices and exotic products..
Funan -Worshiped Vishnu and Shiva.
Srivijaya Based on Sumatra.
Melaka: Did most things over water like trade
Turkish Migrations and Imperial Expansion
Turkish people spoke related languages
Nomadic peoples of Central Asia who kept herds of farm animals
shamans had supernatural poners
Nomadic people had military power due to Gualry forces
The Ghaghil Beg V•Recognied Sultan by the Caliph in 1055
Seljuq Turks and the Byzantine - Selings entered Anatolia
entered Anatolia
The Mongol Empires
Forged various mongol tribes into powerful alliance
Temüjin was the unifier of the mongols
Army possessed around
Army harressed 100,000 to 125000 in Chengg's Lifetime
No government for lands he conquered
Mongol Empires after Ching is skin Ching, is decendents argued over who was next khishan
Toih land from the Jurchen people
The Golden Hardy
The Golden Hardy Whull is Collins and Grotters tightened mongol control
They resliced Meynated to govern
Mongols eventually graduated toward Islam (Chazan)
nomadic power
Communication was hey for the Mongols.
Mongol Rule inching
Uighure U
After the Mongols
Turkish people antibu expanding that Mongols interupted
Turkic-Mongo I conquerer that out a central Asian empire rivaling Chinggis behan
Tamerlane (Timur the Lsme)
Tamellares Timored empire struggled without in
Timellares empire struggled without in