apush ch24-26

Cold War – US vs USSR ideological conflict
Marshall Plan – US aid to rebuild Europe, stop communism
United Nations – global peace organization; Human Rights declaration
NSC-68 – called for massive military buildup
Korean War – proxy war; Korea split at 38th parallel
Containment – stop spread of communism
“More bang for the buck” – rely on nuclear weapons
Central Intelligence Agency – US spy agency
Berlin Blockade/Airlift – USSR blocked Berlin; US supplied by air
Warsaw Pact – Soviet military alliance
Formosa (Taiwan) – Nationalist China refuge
Chiang Kai-shek – Nationalist Chinese leader
Taft-Hartley Act – restricted labor unions
House Un-American Activities Committee – investigated communists
Alger Hiss – accused Soviet spy
Richard M. Nixon – anti-communist politician
Rosenbergs – executed for atomic espionage
Red Scare – fear of communism in US
Fidel Castro – communist leader of Cuba
Nikita Khrushchev – Soviet leader after Stalin
New Frontier – JFK reform program
Berlin Wall – barrier dividing East/West Berlin
Massive retaliation – nuclear response strategy
Brinkmanship – push to edge of war
Joseph Stalin – Soviet dictator
Yalta & Potsdam – WWII conferences on postwar order
Truman Doctrine – aid to stop communism
Election of 1948 – Truman’s upset victory
Mao Zedong – Chinese communist leader
George F. Kennan – created containment theory
Domino Theory – communism spreads country to country
NATO – US-Western military alliance
J. Edgar Hoover – FBI director, anti-communist
Molotov Plan – Soviet aid to Eastern Europe
Eisenhower Doctrine – aid Middle East vs communism
Fair Deal – Truman domestic reforms
Executive Order 9981 – desegregated military
Hollywood 10/Blacklisting – banned suspected communists
Whittaker Chambers – accused Hiss
Pumpkin Papers – evidence of spying
McCarthyism – false accusations of communism
Checkers Speech – Nixon defends himself
John F. Kennedy – Cold War president
Bay of Pigs – failed invasion of Cuba
Cuban Missile Crisis – nuclear standoff with USSR
Panmunjom – Korean War armistice site
Suez Canal Crisis – Egypt vs Britain/France/Israel
Mutually Assured Destruction – nuclear deterrence through total destruction

Baby Boom – post-WWII population surge
Levittown – mass-produced suburbs
Sputnik – first satellite (USSR)
World Bank/IMF – global economic institutions
National Defense Education Act – funded science/math education
GI Bill – benefits for veterans (college, housing)
Teenager – new youth consumer group
Kerner Commission – studied race riots
Polio Vaccine – ended major disease
Space Program – US-USSR space race
Military-Industrial Complex – gov + defense industry link
NASA – US space agency
Beats – counterculture writers
The Other America – exposed poverty in US
Interstate Highway Act 1956 – built national highways
TV culture – mass media influence
Kitchen Debate – US vs USSR lifestyle argument
Sunbelt – growing South/West region

Election of 1960 – JFK wins using TV advantage
Executive Order 8802 – banned defense job discrimination
Dixiecrat – pro-segregation Democrats
Brown v. Board (1954) – ended school segregation
Title VII – banned job discrimination
Black Panther Party – militant Black group
Letter from Birmingham Jail – MLK defends protest
SNCC – student civil rights group
Malcolm X – Black nationalist leader
Freedom Rides – challenged segregation in transport
Stokely Carmichael – promoted Black Power
Nation of Islam – Black separatist movement
Greensboro Sit-ins – lunch counter protests
Robert Kennedy – supported civil rights
Immigration Act 1965 – ended quotas
Democratic Convention 1968 – protests and unrest
SCLC – MLK’s organization
La Raza Unida – Latino political movement
Brown II – ordered desegregation “with all deliberate speed”
Rosa Parks – sparked bus boycott
Montgomery Bus Boycott – major protest against segregation
I Have a Dream – MLK speech
Double V Campaign – victory abroad and at home
Civil Rights Act 1964 – banned segregation
March on Washington – civil rights rally
Voting Rights Act 1965 – protected Black voting
De jure segregation – legal segregation
De facto segregation – informal segregation
Black Power – racial pride and self-defense
CORE – civil rights organization
Strom Thurmond – segregationist politician
Wounded Knee – Native American protest
Earl Warren – Chief Justice (civil rights rulings)
Thurgood Marshall – first Black Supreme Court justice
Separate but Equal – Plessy doctrine
Massive resistance – Southern opposition to integration
Martin Luther King Jr. – nonviolent civil rights leader
Little Rock Crisis – school integration conflict
United Farm Workers – farm labor union
American Indian Movement – Native activism group
Cesar Chavez – farmworker rights leader