Dictatorship of Relativism pt.1
Historical Overview of Intellectual, Social, and Theological Revolutions
1300s: Intellectual Revolution
Key Concept: Nominalism
Figures: William of Ockham and Marsilius of Padua
1400s: Social Revolution
Key Concept: Renaissance Humanism
Figures: Niccolò Machiavelli
1500s: Theological Revolution
Key Concept: Protestantism
Figures: Martin Luther and John Calvin
1600s: Philosophical Revolution
Key Concept: Rationalism
Figure: René Descartes
1700s: Political Revolution
Key Concept: Social Contract
Figures: Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Thomas Hobbes
1800s: Scientific Revolution
Key Concept: Utilitarian Biology
Figures: Charles Darwin, Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud, Friedrich Nietzsche
1900s: Sexual Revolution
Key Concepts: Objectification and Hedonism
Figures: George Herbert Mead, Margaret Sanger, Alfred Kinsey, Wilhelm Reich
2000s: Post-Modern Revolution
Key Concepts: Meaninglessness and Redefinition
Figures: Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, members of the Frankfurt School
Concepts: Critical Race Theory, LGBT advocacy, Cancel culture/Woke culture
Relativism
Definition of Relativism:
The doctrine that knowledge, truth, and morality exist in relation to culture, society, or historical context, and are not absolute.
A Brief History of Relativism
Modern Philosophy Foundation:
René Descartes' statement: "I think, therefore, I am" signifies the birth of modernity.
Subjectivism in Modern Thought:
Reality and truth are determined by subjective experience.
Truth is asserted through the sovereign act of the will.
Friedrich Nietzsche's Influence:
Statement: "God is Dead"
Implication: Good and evil are a social construct.
Truth as a power game.
Concepts of the Ubermensch (Superman):
Freedom is sovereign.
The self is what is good and true.
God is viewed as the enemy because He determines the nature of truth.
Classical Philosophy vs. Existential Philosophy
Classical Philosophy:
Prioritization of Essence:
Essence is considered to precede existence.
The purpose of freedom is to align with one's essence.
Existentialism:
Prioritization of Existence:
Existence precedes essence.
Stance: "My freedom comes first, and I determine who I am."
Rejection of Inheritance and God
Rejection of Inherited Roles:
Embraces an Authentic True Self, rejecting the influence of inherited roles.
Freedom and God:
God is viewed as a threat to individual freedom.
Conflict between God's truth and individual freedom is emphasized.
Ponders the paradox: "If God exists, I cannot be free; but I am free, so God cannot exist."
Creation of Truth
Humans are viewed as creators of their own truth.
True, false, right, wrong, just, and unjust are constructs used by people to establish their power.