Chapter 2

EARLY POLICE FORCES IN EUROPE

• Increased violence and social unrest in urban centres throughout Europe
• Formal establishment of uniformed and salaried police officers   * City of Glasgow Police (1800)   * Surete in Paris (1810)   * Metropolitan Police in London (1829)   * Royal Irish Constabulary (1822)
• Forces were given a preventative role   * Patrolling streets   * Maintaining a public presence   * Investigating crime as part of a professional service
• Term police from French word policie, meaning “to keep order”

POLICE FORCES IN NORTH AMERICA

• Major cities saw the benefits of a uniformed police presence   * Responsibilities included: securing railroads, busting strikes, stopping horse thieving, and preventing rioting
• First 5 major municipal police departments in North America   * Toronto established the first one (1834)   * Montreal (1838)   * Boston (1838)   * New York City (1844)   * Philadelphia (1854)
• New role of the detective   * From the Latin word detectio- which means “to find”   * Specialists whose job was to determine who committed the crime and why  Recorded their observations, talked to witnesses, interrogated suspects   * Established within police agencies and worked cooperatively to close cases   * Adopted the interview as a means of uncovering truths

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