aero final!!!!!!!!!!!
### Flashcards for Aerospace Engineering Final Exam Prep
Unit 1: Fundamentals of Flight and Navigation
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Q: Who were early pioneers of flight?
A: Wright brothers, Otto Lilienthal
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Q: What was the first jet aircraft?
A: Heinkel He 178 (1939)
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Q: Who broke the sound barrier and when?
A: Chuck Yeager in 1947
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Q: When did Apollo 11 land on the Moon?
A: 1969
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Q: What major contributions did WWII bring to aviation?
A: Advances in aircraft design, radar technology, and jet propulsion
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Q: What does FAA stand for?
A: Federal Aviation Administration
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Q: What does NASA stand for?
A: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
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Q: Name a pioneer of modern rocketry.
A: Robert Goddard
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Q: What is the longitudinal axis and what controls it?
A: Axis of roll; controlled by ailerons
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Q: What is the lateral axis and what controls it?
A: Axis of pitch; controlled by elevators
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Q: What is the vertical axis and what controls it?
A: Axis of yaw; controlled by rudder
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Q: What are the primary components of an aircraft?
A: Wings, fuselage, empennage, landing gear
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Q: Why is Center of Gravity (CoG) important?
A: It is critical for maintaining balance and stability
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Q: Define static stability.
A: Tendency of an aircraft to return to equilibrium after a disturbance
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Q: Define dynamic stability.
A: Behavior of an aircraft over time after a disturbance
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Q: What are the four aerodynamic forces?
A: Lift, weight, thrust, drag
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Q: How does air pressure change with altitude?
A: It decreases
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Q: What is the effect of temperature on air density?
A: Higher temperature decreases air density
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Q: What is Mach number?
A: Ratio of aircraft’s speed to the speed of sound
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Q: What is the lift coefficient (Cl)?
A: Measure of lift generated by a wing or airfoil
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Q: What is the drag coefficient (Cd)?
A: Measure of drag produced by a wing or airfoil
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Q: What causes wingtip vortices?
A: Difference in pressure between the upper and lower surfaces of the wing
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Q: What does Bernoulli’s Principle explain?
A: Relationship between pressure and velocity in fluid flow, part of lift generation
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Q: What is the chord line?
A: Straight line from the leading edge to the trailing edge of a wing
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Q: What is aspect ratio?
A: Ratio of wingspan to average chord
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Q: What is camber?
A: Curvature of an airfoil
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Q: What does glide ratio measure?
A: Ratio of forward distance traveled to altitude lost
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Q: What is stall speed?
A: Minimum speed at which an aircraft can maintain level flight
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Q: What is Instrument Landing System (ILS)?
A: Provides precision guidance to aircraft for landing
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Q: What does VOR stand for?
A: VHF Omnidirectional Range
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Q: What does GPS stand for?
A: Global Positioning System
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Q: What are TO/FROM flags?
A: Indicate whether an aircraft is flying toward or away from a navigation station
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Q: What are VFR and IFR?
A: Visual Flight Rules and Instrument Flight Rules
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Q: How does GPS determine position?
A: Using trilateration from multiple satellites
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Unit 2: Aerospace Materials and Propulsion
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Q: What are composites?
A: Materials made from two or more constituent materials
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Q: What are alloys?
A: Metals combined to achieve specific properties
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Q: What is modulus of elasticity?
A: Measure of a material’s ability to deform elastically
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Q: What does Newton’s First Law state?
A: An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an external force
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Q: What does Newton’s Second Law state?
A: Force equals mass times acceleration (F=ma)
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Q: What does Newton’s Third Law state?
A: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
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Q: What are the stages of a jet engine operation?
A: Intake, compression, combustion, exhaust
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Q: What is a turbofan engine known for?
A: Higher efficiency at high speeds and altitudes
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Q: What are the components of a rocket engine?
A: Combustion chamber, nozzle, propellant tanks
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Q: What is ion thruster used for?
A: High-efficiency propulsion with low thrust
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Q: What is hypoxia?
A: Lack of oxygen at high altitudes
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Q: What does NTSB stand for?
A: National Transportation Safety Board
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Q: What does DOT stand for?
A: Department of Transportation
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Unit 3: Space and Orbital Mechanics
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Q: What is a light year?
A: Distance light travels in one year
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Q: What is the Outer Space Treaty?
A: Treaty governing the use of space, promoting peaceful use
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Q: What is Kessler Syndrome?
A: Scenario where space debris collisions create further debris collisions
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Q: Who formulated the laws of planetary motion?
A: Johannes Kepler
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Q: What is geostationary orbit (GEO)?
A: Orbit where satellites appear stationary relative to Earth
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Q: What is low Earth orbit (LEO)?
A: Orbit close to Earth, used for ISS, Earth observation satellites
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Q: What is Kepler’s First Law?
A: Planets orbit in ellipses with the Sun at one focus
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Q: What is orbital inclination?
A: Angle between the orbital plane and the equatorial plane
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Q: What does STK stand for?
A: Systems Tool Kit
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Unit 4: Unmanned Systems and Robotics
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Q: What are UAVs?
A: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
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Q: What are UGVs?
A: Unmanned Ground Vehicles
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Q: What is pseudocode?
A: Writing logic in plain language before coding
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Q: What is Task Main {}?
A: Main function where the program starts
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Q: What is Boolean logic used for?
A: Decision making in programming
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Q: What is the role of avionics engineers?
A: Specialize in aircraft electronics and systems
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Q: What do aerospace engineers do in the aviation industry?
A: Design, develop, and test aircraft and spacecraft