Comprehensive Vocabulary Study Notes: Units 1, 2, and 3

Study Guide Scope and Word Categorization Criteria

Study Guide Overview:
- This comprehensive reference guide covers vocabulary across Units 1, 2, and 3 from the Sadlier-Oxford vocabulary series.
- Two tiers of vocabulary study are established based on visual markup criteria:
  - Pink-Highlighted Terms: For each word marked with pink highlighter, analysis requires five mandatory linguistic elements:
    1. Part of Speech: Grammatical categorization (noun, verb, adjective, etc.).
    2. Pronunciation and Stress Mark Placement: Exact phonetic transcription and syllable stress location (including specific letter/syllable markers).
    3. Definition: Verbatim meaning and contextual explanations.
    4. Synonyms: Complete catalog of textbook synonyms and handwritten additions.
    5. Antonyms: Textbook antonyms and annotated opposites.
  - Non-Highlighted Terms: Focus primarily on complete definitions and meanings, accompanied by illustrative sentences, syllabic notes, and associated annotations.

Unit 1 Vocabulary Study

Pink-Highlighted Priority Focus Term:
- adjacent
  - Part of Speech: Adjective ( $\text{adj.}$ )
  - Pronunciation & Stress Mark: (ǝ jās' ǝnt) — Primary stress is placed on the second syllable (jās'). Marginal study note specifies: "study 1–5 second syllable" and defines placement as "next to".
  - Definition: Near, next to, adjoining.
  - Synonyms: Alongside, nearby, neighboring.
  - Antonyms: Faraway, distant.
  - Illustrative Context: Boston and its adjacent suburbs were severely flooded after three days of heavy rain.
Standard Unit 1 Terms (Meanings and Detailed Notes):
- alight (ǝ līt'):
  - Definitions: (verb) To get down from, step down from; to come down from the air, land; (adjective) lighted up.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the last/second syllable (līt'). Marginal notation confirms: "last syllable", "Second Syllable", distinguishing verb and adjective uses.
  - Synonyms: (v.) Dismount, land, touch down.
  - Antonyms: (v.) Mount, board, take off.
  - Illustrative Context: The passengers hurried to alight from the small airplane. / The sky was alight with a red glow as the fire raged in the distance.
- barren (bar' ǝn):
  - Definition: (adjective) Not productive, bare.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the first syllable (bar'). Annotated with: "bare", "1st sylla".
  - Synonyms: Unproductive, sterile, desolate, arid.
  - Antonyms: Fertile, fruitful.
  - Illustrative Context: In contrast to the rich land we left behind, the plains appeared to be a barren landscape.
- disrupt (dis rǝpt'):
  - Definition: (verb) To break up, disturb.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the second syllable (rǝpt'). Annotated with: "second Syllable".
  - Synonyms: Upset, displace, disorder.
  - Antonyms: Organize, arrange.
  - Illustrative Context: Even the loud demonstration on the street below was not enough to disrupt the meeting.
- dynasty (dī' nǝ stē):
  - Definition: (noun) A powerful family or group of rulers that maintains its position or power for some time.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the first syllable (dī'). Annotated with: "first syllable".
  - Synonyms: Ruling house, regime.
  - Illustrative Context: The Han dynasty of China was in power for about $400\text{ years}$ .
- foretaste (fôr' tāst):
  - Definition: (noun) An advance indication, sample, or warning.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the first syllable (fôr'). Annotated with: "first syllable".
  - Synonyms: Preview, anticipation.
  - Illustrative Context: The eye-opening first scene of the new play gave the audience a foretaste of things to come.
- germinate (jǝr' mǝ nāt):
  - Definition: (verb) To begin to grow, come into being.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the first syllable (jǝr'). Marginal annotation reads: "in = 2nd syllable" alongside a smiley face.
  - Synonyms: Sprout, shoot up, burgeon.
  - Antonyms: Wither, die, stagnate, shrivel up.
  - Illustrative Context: After he interrogated the suspect, suspicion began to germinate in the inspector's mind.
- humdrum (hǝm' drǝm):
  - Definition: (adjective) Ordinary, dull, routine, without variation.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the first syllable (hǝm'). Annotated with: "boring" and "ordinary, dull, routine, without variation -> boring".
  - Synonyms: Monotonous, prosaic, boring.
  - Antonyms: Exciting, thrilling, exhilarating.
  - Illustrative Context: All household tasks are humdrum according to my brother, who never helps with them.
- hurtle (hǝr' tǝl):
  - Definition: (verb) To rush violently, dash headlong; to fling or hurl forcefully.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the first syllable (hǝr'). Annotated with the Arabic gloss "استعجل" (meaning to hurry/rush), a star symbol, and the numeral "1".
  - Synonyms: Speed, fly, catapult, fling.
  - Antonyms: Crawl, creep.
  - Illustrative Context: After separating from its booster rocket, the capsule began to hurtle through space.
- insinuate (in sin' yü āt):
  - Definition: (verb) To suggest or hint slyly; to edge into something indirectly.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the second syllable (sin'). Marginal notes include: "2", "indirectly", "hint", and "to accuse you in a tricky way".
  - Synonyms: Imply.
  - Antonyms: Barge in, broadcast.
  - Illustrative Context: The attorney attempted to insinuate that the witness's testimony was false.
- interminable (in tǝr' mǝ nǝ bǝl):
  - Definition: (adjective) Endless, so long as to seem endless.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the second syllable (tǝr'). Annotated with the numeral "2" and a smiley face.
  - Synonyms: Never-ending.
  - Antonyms: Brief, short, fleeting.
  - Illustrative Context: We had an interminable wait in the hot, crowded train station.
- interrogate (in ter' ǝ gāt):
  - Definition: (verb) To ask questions, examine by questioning.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the second syllable (ter').
  - Synonyms: Question, query.
  - Illustrative Context: Two detectives helped the young, inexperienced officer to interrogate the suspect.
- recompense (rek' ǝm pens):
  - Definition: (verb) To pay back; to give a reward; (noun) a payment for loss, service, or injury.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the first syllable (rek'). Marked with numeral "1" and a star symbol.
  - Synonyms: (v.) Repay; (n.) compensation.
  - Illustrative Context: My grandparents were happy to recompense the little girl who found their lost puppy. / As recompense, the landlord offered all tenants a month free of rent.
- renovate (ren' ǝ vāt):
  - Definition: (verb) To repair, restore to good condition, make new again.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the first syllable (ren').
  - Synonyms: Repair, recondition.
  - Illustrative Context: The young couple brought in an architect and a contractor to help them renovate the old house.
- résumé (rez' ǝ mā):
  - Definition: (noun) A brief summary; a short written account of one's education, working experience, or qualifications for a job.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the first syllable (rez').
  - Synonyms: Synopsis.
  - Illustrative Context: The job applicant gave a copy of her resume to the person in charge of the employment agency.
- sullen (sǝl' ǝn):
  - Definition: (adjective) Silent or brooding because of ill humor, anger, or resentment; slow moving, sluggish.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the first syllable (sǝl').
  - Synonyms: Grumpy, surly, peevish, morose.
  - Antonyms: Cheerful, blithe, vivacious.
  - Illustrative Context: The sullen student sat down in the back of the classroom.
- trickle (trik' ǝl):
  - Definition: (verb) To flow or fall by drops or in a small stream; (noun) a small, irregular quantity of anything.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the first syllable (trik').
  - Synonyms: (v.) Dribble, drizzle, drip; (n.) small amount.
  - Antonyms: (v.) Gush, pour, flood; (n.) deluge.
  - Illustrative Context: The water began to trickle from the rusty old pipe. / The runoff, which is quite heavy in the spring, dwindles to a trickle by late summer.
- trivial (triv' ē ǝl):
  - Definition: (adjective) Not important, minor; ordinary, commonplace.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the first syllable (triv'). Annotated with real-world examples: "ex: minor tasks to her student" and "ex: Anyone teacher tell minor tasks to her student".
  - Synonyms: Insignificant, trifling.
  - Antonyms: Important, weighty.
  - Illustrative Context: The general left all trivial details to subordinate officers.
- truce (trüs):
  - Definition: (noun) A pause in fighting, temporary peace.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Single syllable term. Annotated with handwritten text: "Backe".
  - Synonyms: Cease-fire.
  - Antonyms: War, warfare.
  - Illustrative Context: After tense negotiations, the warring nations reluctantly agreed to a five-day truce.
- vicious (vish' ǝs):
  - Definition: (adjective) Evil, bad; spiteful; having bad habits or an ugly disposition; painfully severe or extreme.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the first syllable (vish').
  - Synonyms: Wicked, malicious.
  - Antonyms: Good, kind, kindly, mild.
  - Illustrative Context: The vicious rumor was damaging to their budding friendship.

Unit 2 Vocabulary Study

Pink-Highlighted Priority Focus Terms:
- customary
  - Part of Speech: Adjective ( $\text{adj.}$ )
  - Pronunciation & Stress Mark: (kǝs' tǝ mer ē) — Primary stress is on the first syllable (kǝs'). Marginal annotation reads: "After(s)".
  - Definition: Usual, expected, routine.
  - Synonyms: Regular, normal, traditional.
  - Antonyms: Strange, odd, untraditional.
  - Illustrative Context: The customary tip given to a waiter for service is $15\text{--}20\%$ of the bill.
- dissuade
  - Part of Speech: Verb ( $\text{v.}$ )
  - Pronunciation & Stress Mark: (di swād') — Primary stress is on the second syllable (swād'). Marginal annotation reads: "After (d)".
  - Definition: To persuade not to do something.
  - Synonyms: Talk out of.
  - Antonyms: Persuade, talk into.
  - Illustrative Context: Despite offering big raises and bonuses, the boss was unable to dissuade workers from quitting.
- firebrand
  - Part of Speech: Noun ( $\text{n.}$ )
  - Pronunciation & Stress Mark: (fī' ǝr brand) — Primary stress is on the first syllable (fī'). Marginal annotation reads: "After (i)".
  - Definition: A piece of burning wood; a troublemaker; an extremely energetic or emotional person.
  - Synonyms: Hothead, agitator.
  - Antonyms: Peacemaker, pacifier, conciliator.
  - Illustrative Context: A rash young firebrand, the new editor of the newspaper strove to expose corruption in the mayor's office.
- indifference
  - Part of Speech: Noun ( $\text{n.}$ )
  - Pronunciation & Stress Mark: (in dif' rǝns) — Primary stress is on the second syllable (dif'). Marginal annotation reads: "After f".
  - Definition: A lack of interest or concern.
  - Synonyms: Apathy, unconcern.
  - Antonyms: Interest, concern, enthusiasm.
  - Illustrative Context: The outcome of the rugby match between the two teams is a matter of complete indifference to me.
- indignant
  - Part of Speech: Adjective ( $\text{adj.}$ )
  - Pronunciation & Stress Mark: (in dig' nǝnt) — Primary stress is on the second syllable (dig'). Marginal annotation reads: "After (g)".
  - Definition: Filled with resentment or anger over something unjust, unworthy, or mean.
  - Synonyms: Offended, resentful, outraged, exasperated.
  - Antonyms: Pleased, delighted, elated.
  - Illustrative Context: Angered by the editorial in the newspaper, my mother wrote an indignant letter to the editor.
- plague
  - Part of Speech: Noun ( $\text{n.}$ ) and Verb ( $\text{v.}$ )
  - Pronunciation & Stress Mark: (plāg) — Single syllable word (no separate unstressed syllables). Annotated with: "After", "Nothing".
  - Definition: (noun) An easily spread disease causing a large number of deaths; a widespread evil; (verb) to annoy or bother.
  - Synonyms: (n.) Epidemic, pestilence; (v.) pester, vex.
  - Antonyms: (n.) Boon, blessing.
  - Illustrative Context: In the 14th century, a plague spread by infected rats wiped out about $\frac{1}{4}$ of the population of Europe. / Mosquitoes will plague the campers if they forget to wear insect repellent on the hike.
Standard Unit 2 Terms (Meanings and Detailed Notes):
- available (ǝ vā' lǝ bǝl):
  - Definition: (adjective) Ready for use, at hand.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the second syllable (vā').
  - Synonyms: Obtainable, on hand.
  - Antonyms: Unobtainable, not to be had.
  - Illustrative Context: Bean sprouts and bean curd are available at the Chinese market on Main Street.
- cater (kā' tǝr):
  - Definition: (verb) To satisfy the needs of, try to make things easy and pleasant; to supply food and service.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the first syllable (kā').
  - Synonyms: Pamper, indulge, gratify.
  - Antonyms: Frustrate, deny, refuse.
  - Illustrative Context: Our grandmother cared for the twins all summer, but she refused to cater to their every whim.
- entrepreneur (än trǝ prǝ nǝr'):
  - Definition: (noun) A person who starts up and takes on the risk of a business.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the fourth syllable (nǝr').
  - Synonyms: Businessperson.
  - Illustrative Context: In the first year of business, an entrepreneur often assumes losses for the sake of future profits.
- hazard (haz' ǝrd):
  - Definition: (noun) Risk, peril; (verb) to expose to danger or harm; to gamble.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the first syllable (haz'). Top margin contains numerical annotations: "0.50$", "0.5%", and "WOW".
  - Synonyms: (n.) Danger; (v.) venture.
  - Illustrative Context: Snow tires can help eliminate the hazard of driving on icy roads. / When asked to predict when the long drought would end, the meteorologist would not hazard a guess.
- hinder (hin' dǝr):
  - Definition: (verb) To delay; to stop or prevent from happening.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the first syllable (hin').
  - Synonyms: Interrupt, impede, block, thwart.
  - Antonyms: Encourage, further.
  - Illustrative Context: The all-day rain predicted for tomorrow will definitely hinder our plans for a picnic at the lake.
- homicide (häm' ǝ sīd):
  - Definition: (noun) The killing of one person by another.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the first syllable (häm').
  - Synonyms: Manslaughter.
  - Illustrative Context: It did not take the jury members too long to find the drifter guilty of homicide.
- indispensable (in di spen' sǝ bǝl):
  - Definition: (adjective) Absolutely necessary, not to be neglected.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the third syllable (spen'). Marked with annotation: "3 S".
  - Synonyms: Essential, crucial.
  - Antonyms: Unnecessary, nonessential.
  - Illustrative Context: Oxygen is a gas that is indispensable to life processes on this planet.
- lubricate (lü' brǝ kāt):
  - Definition: (verb) To apply oil or grease; to make smooth, slippery, or easier to use.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the first syllable (lü'). Marginal notes include: "1st S", "grease", and "Jelly".
  - Synonyms: Oil, grease.
  - Illustrative Context: The workers had to lubricate the equipment regularly so that production would not suffer.
- mutual (myü' chü ǝl):
  - Definition: (adjective) Shared, felt, or shown equally by two or more.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the first syllable (myü').
  - Synonyms: Two-sided, joint, shared, reciprocal.
  - Antonyms: One-sided, unilateral (marked with explicit note: "-> memorize").
  - Illustrative Context: During the course of the summer, the adoring couple formed a mutual admiration society.
- pelt (pelt):
  - Definition: (verb) To throw a stream of things; to strike successively; to hurry.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Single syllable term.
  - Synonyms: Bombard, shower.
  - Illustrative Context: The children resisted the urge to pelt passing cars with snowballs.
- poised (poizd):
  - Definition: (adjective, participle) Balanced, suspended; calm, controlled; ready for action.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Monosyllabic pronunciation.
  - Synonyms: Collected, self-confident, ready.
  - Antonyms: Nervous, tense.
  - Illustrative Context: The captain and other members of the crew were poised for takeoff.
- regime (rā zhēm'):
  - Definition: (noun) A government in power; a form or system of rule or management; a period of rule.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the second syllable (zhēm').
  - Synonyms: Rule.
  - Illustrative Context: The present regime in that country came to power through democratic elections.
- transparent (trans par' ǝnt):
  - Definition: (adjective) Allowing light to pass through; easily recognized or understood; easily seen through or detected.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the second syllable (par').
  - Synonyms: Clear, translucent, obvious.
  - Antonyms: Frosted, sooty, smoky, unclear, indistinct.
  - Illustrative Context: The students could see the other class through the transparent glass door.
- unscathed (ǝn skāthd'):
  - Definition: (adjective) Wholly unharmed, not injured.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the second syllable (skāthd').
  - Synonyms: Unhurt, sound, intact.
  - Antonyms: Injured, damaged, hurt.
  - Illustrative Context: Remarkably, the captain and the entire crew emerged from the wreck unscathed.

Unit 3 Vocabulary Study

Pink-Highlighted Priority Focus Terms:
- culminate
  - Part of Speech: Verb ( $\text{v.}$ )
  - Pronunciation & Stress Mark: (kǝl' mǝ nāt) — Primary stress is on the first syllable (kǝl'). Marginal annotation reads: "After (l)".
  - Definition: To reach a high point of development; to end, climax.
  - Synonyms: Conclude, terminate.
  - Antonyms: Begin, initiate, kick off, commence.
  - Illustrative Context: The president's military advisors hoped the overseas action would not culminate in disaster.
- literate
  - Part of Speech: Adjective ( $\text{adj.}$ )
  - Pronunciation & Stress Mark: (lit' ǝ rǝt) — Primary stress is on the first syllable (lit'). Marginal annotation reads: "after (T)" alongside a smiley face.
  - Definition: Able to read and write; showing an excellent educational background; having knowledge or training.
  - Synonyms: Educated, trained (annotated).
  - Antonyms: Unlettered, ignorant, unschooled (annotated).
  - Illustrative Context: Compared with others in the colonial settlement, she was a highly literate young woman.
- luster
  - Part of Speech: Noun ( $\text{n.}$ )
  - Pronunciation & Stress Mark: (lǝs' tǝr) — Primary stress is on the first syllable (lǝs'). Marginal annotation reads: "after (S)" alongside a smiley face.
  - Definition: The quality of giving off light, brightness, glitter.
  - Synonyms: Gloss, sheen, shine, brilliance (annotated).
  - Antonyms: Tarnish, dullness.
  - Illustrative Context: The polished gold dome atop the state capitol shone with a starry luster.
- miscellaneous
  - Part of Speech: Adjective ( $\text{adj.}$ )
  - Pronunciation & Stress Mark: (mis ǝ lā' nē ǝs) — Primary stress is on the third syllable (lā'). Marginal annotation reads: "after (a)" alongside a smiley face.
  - Definition: Mixed, of different kinds.
  - Synonyms: Varied, assorted, motley.
  - Antonyms: Identical, uniform, homogeneous.
  - Illustrative Context: A collection of miscellaneous items was gathering dust in the attic.
Standard Unit 3 Terms (Meanings and Detailed Notes):
- animated (an' ǝ māt id):
  - Definitions: (adjective) Full of life, lively, alive; (participle) moved to action.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the first syllable (an'). Annotated with: "after (N)".
  - Synonyms: (adj.) Energetic, vigorous.
  - Antonyms: (adj.) Lifeless, dead, flat.
  - Illustrative Context: After the game the sportscaster found the winning team to be in an animated mood.
- brood (brüd):
  - Definitions: (noun) A family of young animals, especially birds; any group having the same nature and origin; (verb) to think over in a worried, unhappy way.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Single syllable term. Annotated with: "No".
  - Synonyms: (v.) Ponder, meditate, worry, agonize.
  - Illustrative Context: The mother bird fed her brood. / The pioneers did not brood over the hardships they suffered on the long journey.
- constituent (kǝn stich' ü ǝnt):
  - Definition: (noun) An essential part; a voter who elects a representative.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the second syllable (stich'). Annotated with: "After (T)" and handwritten synonym "ingredient".
  - Synonyms: Element, component, ingredient.
  - Illustrative Context: In our district, almost every constituent is dedicated to participating in the voting process.
- downright (daún' rīt):
  - Definitions: (adverb) Thoroughly; (adjective) absolute, complete; frank, blunt.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the first syllable (daún'). Annotated with: "After (N)" and handwritten synonym "utter".
  - Synonyms: (adj.) Total, out-and-out, utter.
  - Illustrative Context: Our neighbor, who chopped down our tree and destroyed our fence, is just downright mean. / The actor felt like a downright fool when he forgot his lines.
- drone (drōn):
  - Definitions: (noun) A loafer, idler; a buzzing or humming sound; a remote-control device; a male bee; (verb) to make a buzzing sound; to speak in a dull tone of voice.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Single syllable term. Annotated with: "Nothing", handwritten synonym "murmur", and antonym "workaholic".
  - Synonyms: (n.) Bum, do-nothing; (v.) hum, buzz, purr, murmur.
  - Antonyms: (n.) Hard worker, workaholic.
  - Illustrative Context: The steady drone of the engine put us all to sleep. / The speaker droned on and on, ignoring the fact that much of the audience had left.
- goad (gōd):
  - Definitions: (verb) To drive or urge on; (noun) something used to drive or urge on.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Single syllable term. Annotated with: "thats my Life", "Nothing", and handwritten synonym "incite".
  - Synonyms: (v.) Prod, spur on, incite.
  - Antonyms: (v.) Curb, check, restrain.
  - Illustrative Context: The sergeant had to goad the reluctant soldiers into action. / The cowhand used a goad to prod the sluggish cattle.
- hanker (haŋ' kǝr):
  - Definition: (verb) To long (for), to desire.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the first syllable (haŋ'). Annotated with: "after (N)" and handwritten synonym "crave".
  - Synonyms: Yearn, crave.
  - Illustrative Context: Now after three weeks on the road, I really hanker for home-cooked meals and my own bed.
- indulge (in dǝlj'):
  - Definition: (verb) To give in to a wish or desire, give oneself up to.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the second syllable (dǝlj'). Annotated with: "After (g)".
  - Synonyms: Oblige, humor, coddle, pamper.
  - Antonyms: Deny, refuse.
  - Illustrative Context: Sometimes the members of a losing team will indulge in self-pity.
- loom (lüm):
  - Definitions: (verb) To come into view; to appear in exaggerated form; (noun) a machine for weaving.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Single syllable term. Annotated with: "Nothing", handwritten synonym "appear", and handwritten antonym "receding".
  - Synonyms: (v.) Emerge, surface, hover, tower, appear.
  - Antonyms: (v.) Receding.
  - Illustrative Context: The climbers were awestruck to see the peak loom up before them. / The antique loom, once used to make cloth, was on display in the crafts museum.
- oration (ô rā' shǝn):
  - Definition: (noun) A public speech for a formal occasion.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the second syllable (rā'). Annotated with: "Sullen S.", handwritten synonym "sermon", and antonym "a few words".
  - Synonyms: Address, sermon.
  - Antonyms: A few words.
  - Illustrative Context: Cicero's oration in the Roman Senate is still studied by speakers today.
- peevish (pē' vish):
  - Definition: (adjective) Cross, complaining, irritable; contrary.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the first syllable (pē'). Annotated with: "after (e)".
  - Synonyms: Crabby, testy, stubborn.
  - Antonyms: Agreeable, amiable, even-tempered, pleasant.
  - Illustrative Context: Although the members of the tour group were usually in good humor, hunger made them peevish.
- seethe (sēth):
  - Definition: (verb) To boil or foam; to be excited or disturbed.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Single syllable term.
  - Synonyms: Churn, simmer, stew.
  - Illustrative Context: Mother would seethe with rage each time she learned that a dog had been mistreated.
- singe (sinj):
  - Definitions: (verb) To burn slightly; (noun) a burn at the ends or edges.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Single syllable term.
  - Synonyms: (v.) Scorch, char.
  - Antonyms: (v.) Incinerate.
  - Illustrative Context: Getting too close to the flame of the campfire caused the camper to singe his eyelashes. / A singe from a cigar ash had destroyed the last word in the document.
- unique (yü nēk'):
  - Definition: (adjective) One of a kind; unequaled; unusual; found only in a given class, place, or situation.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the second syllable (nēk'). Annotated with handwritten synonym: "singular".
  - Synonyms: Unparalleled, distinctive, singular.
  - Antonyms: Ordinary, commonplace, run-of-the-mill.
  - Illustrative Context: Most people would agree that finding an elephant in one's bathtub would constitute a unique situation even in one's dreams.
- upright (ǝp' rīt):
  - Definitions: (adjective) Vertical, straight; good, honest; (adverb) in a vertical position.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the first syllable (ǝp').
  - Synonyms: (adj.) Perpendicular, virtuous.
  - Antonyms: (adj.) Horizontal, prone, dishonest, corrupt.
  - Illustrative Context: The senator showed her upright character by voting for bills she believed to be morally right. / The patient was finally standing upright.
- verify (ver' ǝ fī):
  - Definition: (verb) To establish the truth or accuracy of, confirm.
  - Stress & Syllable Notes: Primary stress on the first syllable (ver').
  - Synonyms: Prove, validate, substantiate.
  - Antonyms: Disprove, discredit.
  - Illustrative Context: The reporter hurried to verify the source of the controversial statement.