Cyber law & IPR- Part 1

Cyber Law and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)

• Course: CC- SIUCSSE141

• Instructor: Asst. Prof. Jesica Deruz

Basic Concepts

• Computer:

  • A programmable machine for storing and processing information.

  • Executes sequences of arithmetic or logical operations automatically.

• Computer Network:

  • Interconnected collection of devices that share resources and information.

• Intranet:

  • A private network within an organization for secure information sharing.

Internet and Cyberspace

• Internet:

  • Global interconnected computer networks facilitating information and communication.

  • Comprises private, public, academic, and government networks linked by various communication technologies.

• Cyberspace:

  • Digital realm for interactions across interconnected systems.

  • Represents both the virtual environment and geographical borders.

Data and Information

• Data:

  • Unprocessed facts typically presented numerically.

  • Lacks independent meaning.

• Information:

  • Processed data that has been enhanced to provide context and meaning.

  • Helps in decision-making.

Internet Overview

• Connectivity:

  • Connects computers globally, enabling information sharing.

• Historical Figures:

  • Robert W. Taylor - ARPANET developer.

  • Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn - TCP/IP technologies developers.

• Challenges:

  • Rise in cyber threats: spam, malware, cyberbullying, doxxing.

  • Privacy concerns over user data collection by companies.

Internet: Advantages and Disadvantages

• Advantages:

  • Global connection.

  • E-commerce opportunities.

  • Ease of online education and abundant information.

• Disadvantages:

  • Loss of personal data.

  • Fake information circulation.

  • Distractions and health concerns.

Security in Cyberspace

• Network Security:

  • Safeguarding data and networks from unauthorized access and attacks.

  • Utilizes various tools, technologies, and practices.

• Controls in Network Security:

  • Physical Control: Prevents unauthorized physical access to network components.

  • Technical Control: Protects data on the network from internal and external threats.

  • Administrative Control: Security policies governing user behavior and access levels.

Types of Network Security

• Network Access Control (NAC):

  • Restricts unauthorized access to networks.

• Antivirus and Antimalware Software:

  • Protects systems from malicious software.

• Firewall:

  • Monitors and controls network traffic.

• Virtual Private Network (VPN):

  • Encrypts data and masks IP addresses for private browsing.

Aspects of Network Security

• Key Aspects:

  • Privacy: Confidentiality between sender and receiver.

  • Message Integrity: Ensures data integrity in transit.

  • Authentication: Validates the identity of the sender.

  • Non-Repudiation: Assurance that a sender cannot deny sending a message.

Common Cyber Threats

• Phishing: Fake messages from purported sources to obtain personal information.

• Email Miscommunication: Issues arise even when email services track opened messages.

• Malware: Result of downloading compromised software updates.

• Eavesdropping: Breaches into private online communications.

Legal Framework and Regulations

• Cyber Law:

  • Governs legal issues related to cyberspace and communication technology.

  • Includes provisions regarding cyber crimes, electronic signatures, and data protection.

• Key Components:

  • Fraud: Protects from online identity theft and financial crimes.

  • Copyright: Addresses copyright violations made easier by the internet.

  • Defamation: Regulates inaccurate statements made online.

  • Harassment: Online behavior violating laws against harassment.

Cyber Law in India

• Cybercrime:

  • Encompasses all crimes involving information technology.

  • Classified as:

    • Computer as Target: Attacks on computers (e.g., hacking).

    • Computer as Weapon: Real-world crimes committed using computers (e.g., cyber terrorism, fraud).

Information Technology Act, 2000 (IT Act)

• Introduction:

  • India’s cyber law framework was established with the IT Act.

  • Legal acknowledgment of electronic transactions and communications.

• Objectives of the IT Act:

  • Enables legal recognition of digital signatures.

  • Facilitates e-document filings and electronic data storage.

• Key Features:

  • Validates all electronic contracts.

  • Established a Cyber Regulatory Appellant Tribunal for oversight.

Cryptography

• Definition:

  • Technique for securing communication via conversion of plain text into ciphertext.

• Key Features:

  • Ensures confidentiality, integrity, and non-repudiation of data.

  • Utilizes algorithms for data encryption and transaction verification.

Types of Cryptography

• Symmetric Key Cryptography:

  • Same key used for encryption and decryption. Faster but requires secure key exchange.

• Hashing:

  • One-way conversion of data into fixed-length strings (message digest) ensuring data integrity.

• Asymmetric Key Cryptography:

  • Uses a pair of keys (public and private) for encryption and decryption.

Digital Signature vs Electronic Signature

• Digital Signature:

  • Regulated verification method to protect documents.

• Electronic Signature:

  • Less regulated, primarily verifies identity.

Key Issues in Cyber Laws

• E-Commerce:

  • Cyber laws need to address data privacy, security, consumer protection, and intellectual property issues.

• E-Governance:

  • Focus on accessibility, legal recognition of electronic records, data security, and transparency.

• E-Records & E-Contracts:

  • Legal binding of digital contracts, authentication, consumer protection.

• Regulators:

  • Oversee compliance, monitoring, standards development, and collaboration across jurisdictions.

• Certifying Authority:

  • Issues digital certificates, essential for secure online transactions.