Lesson 3

Ministry of Education

  • Organization responsible for educational standards and administration.

Lesson Overview

  • Course Details: Ministry of Education, English, Impact 3, Grade 9, Semester 2, Unit 4 - Fashion Footprints, Lesson 3: Grammar (1): Present Passive

Lesson Objectives

  • By the end of this lesson, students will:

    • Identify the form, meaning, and use of the present passive voice.

    • Listen for specific information related to lesson content.

    • Write sentences associated with making and delivering a product.

Getting Started

  • Activity Instruction:

    • Reorder the words to form a complete sentence. Example given: "Americans buy a lot of jeans" becomes

      • Correct Sentence: A lot of jeans is made in Japan.

    • Task: Discuss the differences between active and passive sentences based on given examples.

      • Example 1 (Active): "Americans buy a lot of jeans."

      • Example 2 (Passive): "A lot of jeans are made in Japan."

  • Check answers after completing the tasks.

Basic Parts of a Sentence

  • All sentences must contain:

    • Subject: The person, place, thing, or idea that the sentence is about.

    • Verb: The action that is being performed by the subject.

      • Example: "Sarah slept." - Here, "Sarah" is the subject, and "slept" is the verb.

    • Some sentences may also require an Object:

      • Object: The person or thing receiving the action of the verb.

      • Example: "Sarah ate cake." Here, "cake" is the object receiving the action of eating.

Types of Sentences

  • There are two types of sentences in English:

    1. Active Sentences: The subject is performing an action.

      • Example: "This company makes excellent denim in Japan."

    2. Passive Sentences: The action is being done to the subject; the focus is on the action rather than the doer.

      • Example: "Excellent denim is made in Japan."

Usage of Present Passive Voice

  • The present passive voice is used:

    • To describe actions and processes.

      • Example: "Cotton is made from natural materials."

    • To emphasize and focus on the action rather than the person who performed it.

      • Example: "A lot of denim is produced in Asia."

      • Example: "These shoes are manufactured in Italy."

Structure of Passive Sentences

  • Structure of a present passive sentence:

    • Active Structure: Subject + Verb + Object

      • Example: "Americans buy a lot of jeans."

    • Passive Structure: Object + Verb to be + Past Participle + (by + Subject) [optional]

      • Example: "A lot of jeans are bought by Americans."

  • Conversion Reminder: Objects in active sentences become subjects in passive sentences.

Negative Passive Sentences

  • Structure for forming negative passive sentences:

    • Negative Structure: Object + Verb to be + NOT + Past Participle + (by + Subject) [optional]

      • Example: "A lot of American clothing is not made in the U.S. anymore."

  • Note: The negator "NOT" is placed after the verb to be.

Practice Tasks

### Task 1

  • Determine whether the following sentences are active or passive:

    1. People make jeans with a material called denim. - Active

    2. A lot of cotton is grown in America. - Passive

    3. These problems are always solved. - Passive

    4. Sandwiches are sold here. - Passive

    5. The gardener grows flowers. - Active

    Task 2

  • Complete the paragraph with the present passive form of the verb in brackets.

    1. Every year, six million cars are manufactured in Germany.

    2. Many of these cars are exported to countries around the world.

    3. The cars are made in large factories in cities such as Dresden.

    4. Around 750,000 people are employed in the car industry in Germany.

    5. A lot of new technology is developed by German manufacturers.

Vocabulary Enhancement

  • Terms to Learn:

    • Ship: Jeans are shipped around the world.

    • Assemble: A pair of jeans is assembled very quickly.

    • Factory: Jeans are made in factories.

    • Warehouse: Jeans are sent from the factory to a warehouse.

    • Retailer: Retailers sell things to the final users, not to other shops.

    • Purchase: Most people purchase jeans at retailers.

Listening Activity

  • Listen to information about the journey of the production of jeans. Students will:

    1. Number the stages of production as they hear them.

    2. Discuss the journey of jeans using present passive where applicable:

      • Example Order:

        1. First, cotton is sent to the factory.

        2. Then, jeans are assembled.

        3. After that, jeans are shipped to warehouses and then to retailers.

        4. Finally, jeans are purchased by customers.

Conclusion

  • A summary of the key aspects of the lesson and an encouragement to review notes.

  • Closing Statement: Thank you for participating in the lesson!

Note: All parts of the lesson plan can be reviewed and practiced for improved understanding of the present passive voice.