AL

Year 7 Term 4 Exam Part 1 Religion Revision

  1. List the foods that were consumed/eaten during 1st century Palestine?

Bread

Legumes

Fish

Fruit

 

*** Kosher Food - Food which is fit for Jewish people.

 

  1. What was the role of women in 1st century Palestine?

Mostly women were limited to raising children and maintaining the house. 

 

 

  1. What were women unable to do in 1st century Palestine?

Women could not gain an education/attend school

Could not own her own land

Could not worship in the same section of the synagogue as men

 

 

  1. Who were the Sadducees and what was their role?

This group were a party of high priests, aristocratic families, and merchants—the wealthier elements of the population. Their rivals were the Pharisees.

 

 

  1. Who were the Pharisees and what was their role?

This group completely devoted themselves to the 613 commands of the law, and even added their own. They were strict. They separated themselves from those who did not live according to the law.

 

 

 

 

  1. Who were the Samaritans?

This group was of Jewish origin, but they had married foreigners over many generations. Because of this, their traditions had been mixed up with foreign traditions and customs. Jews no longer regarded them as their own kind.

 

 

  1. What was the role of a scribe?

This group was even stricter than the Pharisees when it came to the interpretation of the law. They were known as lawyers, because they were well educated in the law, which they copied and interpreted.

 

 

  1. What was the role of a Gentile?

This group was made up of anyone who wasn't of Jewish descent (a descendant of Abraham). They were treated as outsiders, as if they didn't belong. They were avoided.

  1. What was the clothing worn in First Century Palestine.

    Most garments were made from wool, though linen was also used

DEFINITIONS

-        Gentiles were non-Jews. Religious laws did not permit these people to mix with Jewish people.

-        Publicans were the Jewish tax collectors. These men were unpopular and often corrupt, keeping money for themselves. The publicans were considered to be sinners.

-        Scribes were the scholarly teachers among the Pharisees.

-        Pharisees were middle-class Jewish people. They were laymen not priests and they controlled local synagogues. Were dedicated to preserving the purity of the Jewish religion but tended to keep themselves apart from ordinary Jews who were not so devout. Believed in life after death.

-        The Zealots  were deeply religious Jews who believed violent action was justified if it was in defence of the Jewish religion. Hated the Sadducees for working with the Romans.

-        The Essenes were communities of monks who settled in remote places. They believed they were obeying the word of God. They followed strict rule of life

-        Sadducees were wealthy aristocrats and included the temple priests. The Sadducees dominated the Sanhedrin and controlled the key office of the High Priest. Adopted non-Jewish lifestyles.

-        The Sanhedrin was a group made up of 71 Jewish men who served as a supreme council. They were presided over by a High Priest

 

 

 

POLITICS IN PALESTINE

-        ​Palestine was occupied by Rome, which had conquered the area in 63 BC. 

-        Though Rome allowed Jewish practices, the Jewish people did not like the presence of Roman troops, Roman laws and Roman taxes.

-        Because of the Roman occupation, the Jewish people were not really free in their own land.

 

 

POLITICAL SITUATION IN 1ST CENTURY ISRAEL

-        Each of Herod’s sons inherited part of the country:

-        Philip ruled the extreme NE region. He built Caesarea Philippi.

-        Herod Antipas ruled Jesus’ home region of Galilee and Perea. At the time of Jesus’ trial, Antipas was visiting Jerusalem. Pontius Pilate referred Jesus to him for examination.

-        Herod Archelaus ruled over Idumea, Judea and Samaria. In 6 AD he was exiled to Gaul by the Romans. From this date onwards the key districts of Judea were governed directly by Roman Procurators/Governors.

-        Pontius Pilate was the governor of Judea from 26–36 AD. He ruled the territory during Jesus’ public ministry and oversaw the administration of his trial in Jerusalem.