TAXONOMY

Taxonomy

  • Taxonomy

    • Definition: Theory and practice of classifying organisms.

  • Taxonomy Origins

    • Term derived from Greek words "taxis" (arrangement) and "nomos" (law).

    • Meaning: "The law of arrangements."

Systematics

  • Systematics

    • Definition: Orderly arrangement of organisms into groups.

Emperor Shen Nung

  • Historical Classification

    • Emperor Shen Nung classified plants based on practical uses like food and medicine.

Linnaean taxonomy

  • Linnaean Taxonomy

    • Principle: "Join the similar to the similar, and to separate the dissimilar from the dissimilar in nature."

Nomenclature

  • Nomenclature

    • Definition: Formal naming of taxa according to standardized systems.

Taxonomy

  • Taxonomic Naming

    • Example: Canis familiaris (dog), Felis catus (cat) with English meanings.

Identification

  • Identification

    • Process of associating an unknown taxon with a known one.

Descriptions

  • Descriptions

    • Definition: Assignment of features or attributes to a taxon.

Classification

  • Classification

    • Method of grouping organisms to provide a system for cataloguing and expressing relationships.

Hierarchy

  • Hierarchy

    • Definition: System of organizing groups into ranks according to status or importance.

  • Taxonomic Levels

    • Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species, Common Name

  • Taxonomic Features

    • Animalia

      • Organisms that are able to move on their own

    • Chordata

      • Animals with a backbone

    • Mammalia

      • Chordates with fur or hair and milk glands

    • Primates

      • Mammals with grasping fingers

    • Hominidae

      • Primates with relatively flate faces and three-dimensional vision

    • Homo

      • Hominids with upright positions nad large brain

    • Sapiens

      • Members if the genus Homo with a high forehead and notably thin skull bones

  • Soldier Fly (longest scientific name)

    • Parastratiosphecomyia stratiosphecomyioides.

Aristotle’s Classification

  • Aristotle's Classification

    • Criteria: Habitat, water absorption, nature of stem.

Language of Scientific names

  • Scientific Names

    • They used Latin names

    • Because it is descriptive

    • Recognized all over the world

    • Common language on that time

    • Legitimately applied to each kind of species

  • Biodiversity

    • Definition: Variations or different groups of organisms.

Kingdom systems

  • Kingdom Systems

    • Ernst Haeckel

      • Proposed the third kingdom system- protista

    • Herbert Copeland

      • Proposed the fourth kingdom system - Monera

    • Robert H. Whittaker

      • Proposed the fifth kingdom system - fungi

    • Carl Woese

      • Proposed the most highest category - domain

Dichotomous Key

  • Dichotomous Key

    • Tool to identify unknown organisms to a taxonomic levels