Chinese II Study Guide - Final

生词 (Vocabulary)

Lesson 5: Vocabulary (1)

• liáng (量): v. To measure

• tǐ wēn (体温): n. Body temperature

• gěi diǎn(r) (给点儿): n. A little; some

• nà biān (那边): n. Over there; that side

• kàn bìng (看病): v. To see a doctor; to examine a patient

• jué de (觉得): v. To feel; to think

• shū fu (舒服): adj. Comfortable

• ké sou (咳嗽): v. To cough

• fā shāo (发烧): v. To have a fever

• kāi yào (开药): v. To prescribe medicine

• xiū xi (休息): v. To rest

• yào (要): v. To want; to need; should

• shēng bìng (生病): v. To get sick

• …de shíhou (…的时候): When…

• duō (多): adj./adv. Many; much; more

• shǎo (少): adj./adv. Few; less

语法 (Grammar)

Lesson 5: Grammar (1) - ‘给…’ (gěi…)

• Usage: "给…" means "for / to…," acting as a preposition to indicate the recipient or beneficiary of an action.

• Sentence Structure: Subject + 给 + Somebody + Verb + Object

• Examples:

  • 她给学生上课。(Tā gěi xuéshēng shàngkè.): She teaches a lesson for the students.

  • 医生一会儿来给你量体温。(Yīshēng yīhuǐr lái gěi nǐ liáng tǐwēn.): The doctor will come to take your temperature in a while.

Lesson 5: Grammar (2) - ‘是…的’ (shì…de)

• Function: The "是…的" structure is an emphatic sentence pattern used to emphasize a specific aspect of an event that has already occurred. Emphasized aspects include time, place, manner, reason, or object.

• Sentence Structure: Subject + 是 + Emphasized part + 的

• Rules:

  • "是" cannot be omitted.

  • "的" cannot be omitted.

  • The emphasized part is usually time, place, manner, reason, or object.

• Usage Examples:

  • Emphasizing Time:

    • 他是昨天来的。(Tā shì zuótiān lái de.): He came yesterday.

    • 他们是上个星期见面的。(Tāmen shì shàng gè xīngqí jiànmiàn de.): They met last week.

  • Emphasizing Place:

    • 我是在北京认识他的。(Wǒ shì zài Běijīng rènshi tā de.): I met him in Beijing.

    • 这本书是在书店买的。(Zhè běn shū shì zài shūdiàn mǎi de.): This book was bought in a bookstore.

  • Emphasizing Manner:

    • 他们是坐公共汽车去上海的。(Tāmen shì zuò gōnggòng qìchē qù Shànghǎi de.): They went to Shanghai by bus.

    • 我是开车去书店的。(Wǒ shì kāichē qù shūdiàn de.): I went to the bookstore by car.

  • Emphasizing Object:

    • 我是和他去美国的。(Wǒ shì hé tā qù Měiguó de.): I went to the U.S. with him.

    • 这件毛衣是妈妈给我买的。(Zhè jiàn máoyī shì māma gěi wǒ mǎi de.): This sweater was bought for me by mom.

• Negative Form:

  • 我是不在北京认识他的。(Wǒ shì bùzài Běijīng rènshi tā de.): I did not meet him in Beijing.

  • 他不是昨天来的。(Tā bùshì zuótiān lái de.): He didn’t come yesterday.

• Question Form: Use "是…的吗？" (shì…de ma?)

  • 他们是坐公共汽车去上海的吗？(Tāmen shì zuò gōnggòng qìchē qù Shànghǎi de ma?): Did they go to Shanghai by bus?

  • 你是什么时候来的？(Nǐ shì shénme shíhou lái de?): When did you come?

Example Sentences

• 我们是上个月五号搬家的。(Wǒmen shì shàng gè yuè wǔ hào bānjiā de.): We moved on the 5th of last month.

• 我是午饭以前开始觉得不舒服的。(Wǒ shì wǔfàn yǐqián kāishǐ juéde bù shūfu de.): I started feeling unwell before lunch.

• 你是从什么时候开始发烧的？(Nǐ shì cóng shénme shíhou kāishǐ fāshāo de?): When did your fever start?

• 你是在哪儿出生的？(Nǐ shì zài nǎr chūshēng de?): Where were you born?

• 你们是在哪个饭店吃晚饭的？(Nǐmen shì zài nǎge fàndiàn chī wǎnfàn de?): Which restaurant did you have dinner at?

• 他们不是坐火车去上海的。(Tāmen bùshì zuò huǒchē qù Shànghǎi de.): They didn't go to Shanghai by train.

Sample Dialogue

• Setting: At the hospital

• Characters: Doctor and Patient

• Dialogue:

  • 医生: 我先给你量一量体温。(Yīshēng: Wǒ xiān gěi nǐ liáng yī liáng tǐwēn.)

    • Doctor: I will take your temperature first.

  • Patient: 好。谢谢!(Hǎo. Xièxie!)

    • Patient: Okay. Thank you!

  • 医生: 三十九点五度。你去那边等一等, 医生一会儿来给你看病。(Yīshēng: Sānshíjiǔ diǎn wǔ dù. Nǐ qù nà biān děng yī děng, yīshēng yīhuǐr lái gěi nǐ kàn bìng.)

    • Doctor: 39.5 degrees. Please wait over there, the doctor will come to see you in a while.

  • 医生: 你觉得哪儿不舒服? (Yīshēng: Nǐ juéde nǎr bù shūfu?)

    • Doctor: Where do you feel uncomfortable?

  • Patient: 我发烧了, 晚上睡觉的时候我还咳嗽. (Wǒ fāshāo le, wǎnshang shuìjiào de shíhou wǒ hái késou.)

    • Patient: I have a fever, and I also cough when I sleep at night.

  • 医生: 你是从什么时候开始觉得不舒服的? (Yīshēng: Nǐ shì cóng shénme shíhou kāishǐ juéde bù shūfu de?)

    • Doctor: When did you start feeling unwell?

  • Patient: 我是昨天晚饭以后开始发烧的. (Wǒ shì zuótiān wǎnfàn yǐhòu kāishǐ fāshāo de.)

    • Patient: I started having a fever after dinner yesterday.

  • 医生: 我给你开点儿药。你要多喝水, 多休息! (Yīshēng: Wǒ gěi nǐ kāi diǎnr yào. Nǐ yào duō hē shuǐ, duō xiūxi!)

    • Doctor: I'll prescribe some medicine for you. You should drink more water and rest more!

  • Patient: 请问, 我明天能去上学吗? (Qǐngwèn, wǒ míngtiān néng qù shàngxué ma?)

    • Patient: Excuse me, can I go to school tomorrow?

  • 医生: 你明天不能去上学。你生病了, 要在家休息两天。 (Yīshēng: Nǐ míngtiān bù néng qù shàngxué. Nǐ shēngbìng le, yào zài jiā xiūxi liǎng tiān.)

    • Doctor: You cannot go to school tomorrow. You are sick, you need to rest at home for two days.

  • Patient: 那好吧。谢谢医生! (Nà hǎo ba. Xièxie yīshēng!)

    • Patient: Okay, thank you, doctor!

  • 医生: 不客气! (Bú kèqi!)

    • Doctor: You're welcome!

Key Questions

• 在医院, 他先做了什么？(Zài yīyuàn, tā xiān zuò le shénme?): What did he do first at the hospital?

• 他发烧吗？多少度？(Tā fāshāo ma? Duōshao dù?): Does he have a fever? How high is it?

• 他咳嗽吗？(Tā késou ma?): Does he have a cough?

• 他是从什么时候开始发烧的？(Tā shì cóng shénme shíhou kāishǐ fāshāo de?): When did he start having a fever?

• 医生给他开药了吗？(Yīshēng gěi tā kāi yào le ma?): Did the doctor prescribe medicine for him?

• 医生说他要做什么？(Yīshēng shuō tā yào zuò shénme?): What did the doctor say he should do?

• 他明天能去上学吗？(Tā míngtiān néng qù shàngxué ma?): Can he go to school tomorrow?

• 医生说他要在家休息几天？(Yīshēng shuō tā yào zài jiā xiūxi jǐ tiān?): How many days did the doctor say he should rest at home?

Structure Examples

• 你要多喝水! (Nǐ yào duō hē shuǐ!): You need to drink more water!

• 你要少吃肉! (Nǐ yào shǎo chī ròu!): You need to eat less meat!

Example Conversation

• Setting: At the hospital

• 可以使用 (Kěyǐ shǐyòng - You can use)

  • 你是什么时候开始觉得不舒服的？(Nǐ shì shénme shíhou kāishǐ juéde bù shūfu de?): When did you start feeling unwell?

  • 你是什么时候开始发烧的？(Nǐ shì shénme shíhou kāishǐ fāshāo de?): When did you start having a fever?

  • 你晚上睡觉的时候咳嗽吗？(Nǐ wǎnshang shuìjiào de shíhou késou ma?): Do you cough when you sleep at night?

  • 你今天早饭吃了什么？(Nǐ jīntiān zǎofàn chī le shénme?): What did you eat for breakfast today?

  • 我给你开点儿药。(Wǒ gěi nǐ kāi diǎnr yào.): I'll prescribe some medicine for you.

  • 我明天能去上学吗？(Wǒ míngtiān néng qù shàngxué ma?): Can I go to school tomorrow?

  • 你今天和明天都不能去上学。(Nǐ jīntiān hé míngtiān dōu bù néng qù shàngxué.): You cannot go to school today and tomorrow.

  • 你要在家休息两天。(Nǐ yào zài jiā xiūxi liǎng tiān.): You need to rest at home for two days.

  • 你要多喝水, 多休息!(Nǐ yào duō hē shuǐ, duō xiūxi!): You should drink more water and rest more!

  • 我能吃点儿什么？(Wǒ néng chī diǎnr shénme?): What can I eat?

  • 你可以喝粥, 喝汤。(Nǐ kěyǐ hē zhōu, hē tāng.): You can drink porridge and soup.

Vocabulary Matching

• Find the sentence that matches the picture.

Dialogue Practice

• Answering questions

  • 你是在哪儿出生的? (Nǐ shì zài nǎr chūshēng de?): Where were you born?

  • 你是在哪儿长大的? (Nǐ shì zài nǎr cháng dà de?): Where did you grow up?

  • 你是几岁开始学汉语的? (Nǐ shì jǐ suì kāishǐ xué Hànyǔ de?): How old were you when you started learning Chinese?

  • 你是哪年来到这所学校的? (Nǐ shì nǎ nián lái dào zhè suǒ xuéxiào de?): What year did you come to this school?

  • 昨天你是怎么去学校的? (Zuótiān nǐ shì zěnme qù xuéxiào de?): How did you go to school yesterday?

  • 昨天你爸爸是怎么上班的? (Zuótiān nǐ bàba shì zěnme shàngbān de?): How did your dad go to work yesterday?

Fill in the Blanks

• Common phrases:

  • 多喝水 (duō hē shuǐ): Drink more water

  • 少吃肉 (shǎo chī ròu): Eat less meat

  • 多看书 (duō kàn shū): Read more books

  • 少吃快餐 (shǎo chī kuàicān): Eat less fast food

  • 多运动 (duō yùndòng): Exercise more

  • 多说汉语 (duō shuō Hànyǔ): Speak more Chinese

  • 少看电视 (shǎo kàn diànshì): Watch less TV

  • 多休息 (duō xiūxi): Rest more

Multiple Choice Practice

• Match the answer with the question.

Lesson 5: Vocabulary (2)

• tòng (痛): adj. Painful

• tóu tòng (头痛): adj. Headache

• téng (疼): adj. Aching

• sǎng zi (嗓子): n. Throat

• lā dù zi (拉肚子): v. To have diarrhea

• mǎ shàng (马上): adv. Immediately

• dài (带): v. To take; to bring

• hù shì (护士): n. Nurse

• yíxià (一下): Once; a bit

• gǎn mào (感冒): v. To have a cold

• jiào (叫): v. To tell; to ask

• zuìhòu (最后): adv. Finally

• zhāng (张): Measure word for flat objects

• bìng jià tiáo (病假条): n. Sick leave slip

• ràng (让): v. To let; to allow

• xiǎo shí (小时): n. Hour

• suī rán… dàn shì… (虽然…但是…): Although… but…

• xiān… rán hòu… (先…然后…): First… then…

• yǐhòu (以后): After

• shuìjiào (睡觉): v. To sleep

• xiǎng (想): v. To want; to think

• dào (到): v. To arrive

• shuō (说): v. To say

• duō cháng shí jiān (多长时间): How long

第五课 : 语法(1) Lesson 5 : Grammar(1) ‘时量语’

• The duration complement

• 시량보어 : 하나의 동작이나 상태가 얼마 동안 지속되는지를 설명한다. 기간을 말할 때 시간대를 말할 때 사주 쓰는 단어는 ',月,星期,天,小时(xiao shi), 分(fēn zhōng)' 가 있다.

• 년: ()年

• 월: ()月

• 일: ()물

• 주: 星期()

• 시: (),

• 분: ()分

• 시점 (언제)

• 년: ( )年

• 개월: ( )个月

• 일: ( )天

• 주: ( )个星期

• 시간: ()个小

• 분: ()分

• 시량 (얼마동안)

• A: 你什么时候做运动?

• 시점 (언제) B = 我星期六做运动。

• 시량 A: 你每天运动多长时间?

• (얼마동안) B: 我每天运动一个小时。

Lesson 5: Grammar (1) - Duration Complement

• Definition: Indicates the length of time an action lasts, answering “How long did the action last?”

• Structure:

  • Verb + Object + Verb + 了+ Duration Complement

  • Verb + 了+ Duration Complement + (的) + Object

  • Example: 他看了三天书。(Tā kàn le sān tiān shū.) - He read books for three days.

• Negative Sentences:

  • 没 + Verb + Duration Complement + (的) + Object

  • Example: 他没看三天书。(Tā méi kàn sān tiān shū.) - He did not read books for three days.

• Interrogative Sentences:

  • Using “多长时间” to ask: Verb + 了 + 多长时间？

  • Example: 你学习了多长时间？(Nǐ xuéxí le duō cháng shíjiān?) - How long did you study?

Lesson 5: Grammar (2) - '虽然…, 但是…' (suī rán…, dàn shì…)

• It is a compound sentence structure in Chinese that expresses a transitional relationship. It is used to show a contrast between two clauses, indicating something unexpected or opposite.

• Structure: 虽然 + Sentence 1, 但是 + Sentence 2

• Example: 虽然天气很冷，但是他还是去上学了。(Suīrán tiānqì hěn lěng, dànshì tā háishì qù shàngxué le.) - Although the weather is very cold, he still went to school.

Example Usage

Lesson 5: Grammar (3) - '先.., 然后..' (xiān.., rán hòu..)

• It is a common compound sentence structure in Chinese that expresses the chronological order of events, emphasizing doing one thing first and then another.

• Structure: 先 + Action 1, 然后 + Action 2

• Example: 你先休息一下，然后做作业。(Nǐ xiān xiūxi yīxià, ránhòu zuò zuòyè.) - You can first take a break, then do your homework.

Lesson 5: Grammar (3) - Grammar of "叫(jiào), 让(ràng), 带(dài), 说(shuō)"

Note:

• "叫" and "让" can both mean to ask someone to do something, but "让" is more polite, while "叫" is more direct.

• "带" is mainly used for carrying items or leading people somewhere.

• "说" is used for expressing speech, telling information, or making comments.

Text 2

• 三月十二日星期三 (Sān yuè shí'èr rì xīngqīsān) - Wednesday, March 12th

• 今天早上我觉得很不舒服。(Jīntiān zǎoshang wǒ juéde hěn bù shūfu.) - This morning, I felt very uncomfortable.

• 我发烧、头痛、嗓子疼,还拉肚子。(Wǒ fāshāo, tóutòng, sǎngzi téng, hái lā dùzi.) - I have a fever, a headache, a sore throat, and also diarrhea.

• 妈妈马上带我去看了医生。(Māma mǎshàng dài wǒ qù kàn le yīshēng.) - Mom immediately took me to see a doctor.

• 在医院,护士先给我量了一下体温,然后医生给我看了病。(Zài yīyuàn, hùshi xiān gěi wǒ liáng le yīxià tǐwēn, ránhòu yīshēng gěi wǒ kàn le bìng.) - At the hospital, the nurse first took my temperature, and then the doctor examined me.

• 医生说我感冒了。(Yīshēng shuō wǒ gǎnmào le.) - The doctor said I have a cold.

• 她给我开了药,还叫我多喝水,多休息。(Tā gěi wǒ kāi le yào, hái jiào wǒ duō hē shuǐ, duō xiūxi.) - She prescribed medicine for me, and also told me to drink more water and rest more.

• 最后,医生给我开了一张病假条,让我在家休息两天。(Zuìhòu, yīshēng gěi wǒ kāi le yī zhāng bìngjià tiáo, ràng wǒ zài jiā xiūxi liǎng tiān.) - Finally, the doctor gave me a sick leave slip, letting me rest at home for two days.

• 到家以后,我先吃了点儿面条,然后吃了药。(Dào jiā yǐhòu, wǒ xiān chī le diǎnr miàntiáo, ránhòu chī le yào.) - After arriving home, I first ate some noodles, and then took the medicine.

• 下午我睡了两个小时觉。(Xiàwǔ wǒ shuì le liǎng ge xiǎoshí jiào.) - I slept for two hours in the afternoon.

• 晚上我不发烧了。(Wǎnshang wǒ bù fāshāo le.) - At night, I don't have a fever anymore.

• 虽然我很想明天去上学,但是妈妈不让我去。(Suīrán wǒ hěn xiǎng míngtiān qù shàngxué, dànshì māma bù ràng wǒ qù.) - Although I really want to go to3 school tomorrow, Mom won't let me go.

Vocabulary and Grammar Review

Multiple exercises to review vocabulary and grammar.

Answering questions

• 她是从什么时候开始觉得不舒服的? (Tā shì cóng shénme shíhou kāishǐ juéde bù shūfu de?) When did she start feeling unwell?

• 她哪儿不舒服? (Tā nǎr bù shūfu?) Where does she feel uncomfortable?

• 在医院，她先做了什么? (Zài yīyuàn, tā xiān zuòle shénme?) What did she do first at the hospital?

• 医生叫她做什么? (Yīshēng jiào tā zuò shénme?) What did the doctor tell her to do?

• 医生让她休息几天？(Yīshēng ràng tā xiūxí jǐ tiān?) How many days did the doctor let her rest?

• 吃药以前，她先吃了什么? (Chī yào yǐqián, tā xiān chī le shénme?) What did she eat before taking medicine?

• 她下午睡了几个小时觉？(Tā xiàwǔ shuì le jǐ ge xiǎoshí jiào?) How many hours did she sleep in the afternoon?

• 她明天能去上学吗？为什么? (Tā míngtiān néng qù shàngxué ma? Wèishéme?) Can she go to school tomorrow? Why?

Sixth lesson

生词(1) Lesson 6 : Vocabulary(1)

• 养 yǎng v. raise

• 宠物 chǒng wù n. pet

• 小时候 xiǎo shíhou n. childhood

• 猫 māo n. cat

• 只 zhī a measure word.

• 他们 tā men n. they

• 因为 yīn wèi so

• 所以 suǒ yǐ on

• 身上 shēn shang the body

• 毛 máo n. fur

• 尾巴 wěi ba n. Tail

• 喂 wèi feeding

• 白色 bái sè n. White

• 灰色 huī sè n. Gray

• 洗澡 xǐ zǎo v. Take a bath

• 散步 sàn bù v. A Walk

• 差不多 chà bu duō Almost

• guo a particle

• 宗色 zōng sè.

• 黑的 hēi sè

• 黄色的. huáng sè.

• 胖 pàng. pàng

• 瘦 shòu

语法(1) Lesson 6 : Grammar(1) ‘为’& ‘给’ : wèi & gěi,

• Behind ‘为’and ‘给’ , they have something in common in that the object of benefit can come, but there is a difference in what kind of object can come.

• ‘为’ can only be followed by those who benefit, and‘为’may be followed by a word indicating a reason or purpose. ‘给’ can be followed not only by those who benefit, but also by those who suffer losses or actions.

老师为我上课。 ( )
他总为我找难题。 ( )
老师给我上课。 ( )
他总给我找难题。 ( )
我为他量体温。 ( )
妈妈为他高兴。 ( ) 我给他量体温。 ( ) 妈妈给他高兴。 ( )

语法(2) Lesson 6 : Grammar(2) 因为.., 所以..’ : yīn wèi .., suǒ yǐ ..

• In Chinese, the structure “因为…,所以…” is commonly used to express cause and effect.

• Structure : 因为 + Cause , 所以 + Result

• Example : Because the weather is cold, so I must buy very warm clothes.
  Because it is raining today, so we are not going to the park.

语法(3) Lesson 6 : Grammar(3)

• ‘过’ : guo

• "过" is used to express having experienced something before at least once in the past. It emphasizes past experiences rather than completed actions

• Structure : Subject + Verb + 过 + Object

• Example : I have been to Beijing before. She has eaten Chinese food before.

• 没有：没 + Verb + 过.

• 您好 I have never been to Japan. He has never eaten Chinese food before.