Week-1- Intro to computer Theory
Page 1: Introduction to Computers
Course Information:
Instructor: Mr. Imad Nihad
Department: Computer Education
Course Code: IT205
Academic Year: Fall 2024/25
University: Tishk International University
Location: Erbil
Date: 2008
Page 2: Course Overview
Key Topics Covered:
Functions of Computer
Advantages
Disadvantages
Applications
Page 3: Definition of a Computer
What is a Computer?
An electronic device that manipulates information or data.
Capable of storing, retrieving, and processing data.
Page 4: Basic Components of a Computer
Fundamental Components:
Hardware
Software
Page 5: Hardware
Definition of Hardware:
Physical components required for a computer system to function.
Includes:
Motherboard
Graphics card
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
Ventilation fans
Webcam
Power supply
Page 6: Software
Definition of Software:
Set of instructions, data, or programs that operate computers and execute specific tasks.
Page 7: Fundamentals of Computer
Core Functions:
INPUT
PROCESSING
STORAGE
OUTPUT
Page 8: Broad Functions of a Computer
Five Main Functions:
Step 1: Takes data as input.
Step 2: Stores the data/instructions in memory for later use.
Step 3: Processes data to convert it into useful information.
Step 4: Generates output from processed data.
Step 5: Controls all previous steps.
Page 9: Advantages of Computers - Speed
Speed:
High-speed calculations.
Capable of performing millions of calculations very quickly (microseconds, nanoseconds, picoseconds).
Page 10: Advantages of Computers - Accuracy
Accuracy:
100% error-free calculations.
Performs all tasks with high accuracy if input is correct.
Page 11: Advantages of Computers - Storage Capacity
Storage Capability:
Large storage capacity compared to humans.
Can store various types of data (images, videos, text, audio).
Page 12: Advantages of Computers - Diligence
Diligence:
Free from monotony, tiredness, and lack of concentration.
Can work continuously without error or boredom.
Page 13: Advantages of Computers - Versatility
Versatility:
Flexible in performing various jobs across different fields.
Can switch tasks (e.g., from solving scientific problems to gaming).
Page 14: Advantages of Computers - Reliability
Reliability:
Long-lasting modern electronic components.
Designed for easy maintenance.
Page 15: Advantages of Computers - Automation
Automation:
Ability to perform tasks automatically without human interaction once a program is loaded.
Page 16: Advantages of Computers - Cost Reduction
Cost Reduction:
Reduces paperwork and accelerates processes.
High initial investment lowers long-term transaction costs.
Page 17: Disadvantages of Computers - Lack of Intelligence
No I.Q.:
Computers require explicit instructions for every task.
Cannot make independent decisions.
Page 18: Disadvantages of Computers - Dependency
Dependency:
Fully reliant on humans for operational instructions.
Page 19: Disadvantages of Computers - Environmental Requirement
Environment:
Requires a dust-free and suitable operating environment.
Page 20: Disadvantages of Computers - Lack of Emotion
No Feelings:
Cannot make judgments based on emotions, taste, or experience unlike humans.
Page 21: Applications of Computers - Business
Business Sector:
Integral role in organizations for tasks like payroll, budgeting, sales analysis, and financial forecasting.
Page 22: Applications of Computers - Banking
Banking Sector:
Essential for online accounting, ATM operations, and banking services.
Page 23: Applications of Computers - Insurance
Insurance Industry:
Maintains records and processes data for policies.
Page 24: Applications of Computers - Education
Education Sector:
Introduces CBE (Computer Based Education) for learning delivery and evaluation.
Page 25: Applications of Computers - Marketing
Marketing Applications:
Supports advertising, home shopping through computerized catalogs, and direct customer sales.
Page 26: Applications of Computers - Healthcare
Healthcare Usage:
Essential for patient records, diagnostics, and hospital operations.
Page 27: Applications of Computers - Engineering Design
Engineering Applications:
CAD (Computer Aided Design) for structural and industrial engineering tasks.
Page 28: Applications of Computers - Military
Military Uses:
Employed in defense systems and operations.
Page 29: Applications of Computers - Communication
Communication Tools:
E-mail, chatting, FTP, and video conferencing applications.
Page 30: Applications of Computers - Government
Government Services:
Used for budget management, tax computation, and various administrative tasks.
Page 31: References
1. Sipser, M. (2013). Introduction to the Theory of Computation. 3rd ed. Boston: Cengage Learning
2. Sedgewick, R. and Wayne, K. (2016). Computer Science: An Interdisciplinary Approach. 3rd ed. Boston: Addison-Wesley.