Hypnosis Summary

Hypnotizability: Degree to which a person's responses change when hypnotized (DeSouza et al., 2020).
Hypnotizability is assessed through attempts to hypnotize the individual.
Capacity for deep immersion in imaginative activities may indicate potential for hypnotizability (Spiegel, 2010).
Weak correlation between absorption in experiences and hypnotizability (Nash, 2001).
Effectiveness of hypnosis is heightened when individuals are reminded of their control and are actively engaged (Eason & Parris, 2024).

Contemporary theorists debate if hypnosis is:
- A divided state of consciousness.
- A learned social behavior.

Hilgard's divided consciousness view:
- Hypnosis involves a split in consciousness into separate components.
- One follows the hypnotist's commands.
- One acts as a "hidden observer."
Hidden observer explains why hypnotized individuals refrain from unethical actions.
Study: Hypnotized subjects placed their hand in ice-cold water without feeling pain but were aware enough to signal real pain via the hidden observer (Hilgard, 1977, 1992).
- Results show awareness of pain despite reported numbness during hypnosis.