Classical Greece
==Geography of Greece==
==The Sea==: Greece is a ^^peninsula^^ in the Mediterranean surrounded by various seas. Greece is made up of over ^^2,000 islands^^
- sea trade
- skilled sailors
- sea travel cultural diffusion
- diet of fish/seafood
==The land==: Greece is covered in 75% ^^mountains^^. ^^Difficult to farm^^. ^^Lack of natural resources.^^ ^^Irregular coastline^^.
Isolation(different forms of government)
trade
varied cultures
desire for colonies(for natural resources, more living space, and adequate farm land)
can’t support a large population
^^Greeks developed terrace farming because mountains are not suitable for farming^^
==Climate==: ^^Mediterranean climate^^, Average temperatures 48-80, ^^limited farming, droughts^^
- ^^Outdoor lifestyle^^
- leisure time spent outside
- public events held outdoors(theater ,Olympics)
- Can grow grapes and olives
==Forms of Government==
==Monarchy==
- State ^^ruled by king^^
- Rule is hereditary
- some rulers claim divine right
- practiced in Mycenae (1450 BCE)
==Aristocracy==
- State ^^ruled by nobility^^
- rule is hereditary and based on land ownership
- social status and wealth support ruler’s authority
- practiced by Pylos, Delphi
==Oligarchy==
- State ^^ruled by a small group of citizens^^
- rule is based on wealth
- ruling group ^^controls military^^
- Practiced in ^^Sparta^^ (800-600 BCE)
==Direct Democracy==
- state ^^ruled by its citizens^^
- rule is based on citizenship(18, male, born of citizen parents)
- ^^citizens vote directly on laws^^
- majority rule decides vote
- practiced in ^^Athens^^(461 BCE)
==The Polis==
- Polis was the Greek word for ^^city-state^^
- A polis was an independent city and its surrounding farm land
- Mountains separated the Greeks
- ^^Shared a common language and religion^^
- ^^never unified the government system^^
==Athens vs Sparta==: ^^Peloponnesian War^^ in 431 BC
==Athens==
- ^^Direct Democracy^^
- ^^Value education^^(at age 7, boys go to school)
- Start military training at 18
- Laws afford ^^equal justice^^ for all people
- ordinary citizens can judge public issues(vote)
- most ^^women are married^^
- ^^patriarchal society^^(male dominated)
- ^^Women’s job was to raise children^^
- girls only learned about raising kids, dancing, and music
==Sparta==
- ^^Oligarchy^^
- ^^valued military^^(boys sent to military barracks at age 7)
- women ^^expected to marry^^
- wanted women to be ^^healthy^^ to raise healthy soldiers
==“Golden Age”==: ^^a period of peace and prosperity with advancements^^ in math, science, art, architecture, literature, philosophy, technology, medicine, and education.
==The Parthenon==: served as a ^^temple to the Greek goddess Athena^^
- Greek expression of ^^harmony, symmetry, and balance^^
==Nike of Samothrace==
- ==Nike==: ^^winged victory^^
- A winged statue wit flowy clothes on a boat
==Philosophy==: ^^a system of thought; ideas based on logic and reason^^; philosophers are lovers of wisdom
Socrates played the role of ==gadfly==: ^^subjected traditional ethical teachings to critical scrutiny.^^
==Alexander the Great==
Goals:
- make the world Greek
- ^^spread Greek culture^^
- Have the ^^worlds largest empire^^
Accomplishments:
- Conquered parts of Egypt, Persian Empire, Iran, modern-day Afghanistan
- ^^crowned Parraoh by the Egyptians^^
- defeats the Persians
- ^^names 11 different cities after himself^^(Alexandria)
- Development of Hellenistic culture