🌟Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

The substance-related disorders encompass 10 separate classes of drugs:

  • Alcohol

  • Caffeine

  • Cannabis

  • Hallucinogens

    • separate categories for phencyclidine [or similarly acting arylcyclohexylamines] and other hallucinogens

  • Inhalants

  • Opioids

  • Sedatives, Hypnotics, or Anxiolytics

  • Stimulants

    • amphetamine-type substances, cocaine, and other stimulants

  • Tobacco

  • Other (or unknown) substances

Common Features Across Substance Classes

  • While distinct classes, these drugs share the ability to activate brain reward systems, reinforcing behaviors and establishing memories.

  • Excessive use leads to neglect of normal activities despite intense reward activation (