AP Env Math study guide

Approximate populations to know

World - 8,161,972,572 people (8.1 × 10^9)

United States -345,426,571 people (3.4 × 10^8)

China - 1,419,321,278 people (1.41 × 10^9)

India - 1,450,935,791 people (1.45 × 10^9)

Indonesia - 279,798,049 people (2.7 × 10^8)

Brazil - 217.0 million people (2.17 × 10^8)

Metrix prefixes

T

tera-

10^12

trillion

G

giga-

10^9

billion

M

mega-

10^6

million

k

kilo-

10³

1000

h

hecto-

10²

100

da

deka-

10^1

10

d

deci-

10^-1

.1

c

centi-

10^-2

.01

m

milli-

10^-3

.001

micro-

10^-6

one millionth

n

nano-

10^-9

one billionth

p

pico-

10^-12

one trillionth


Common statistical terms

Mean - mathematical average

Median - 50th percentile (middle value_

Mode - most frequent number

Converting formulas

AREA = L x W

VOLUME = L x W x H

1m = 1000mm

1m³ = ____ mm³

  • 1³ m³ = 1000³ mm³

  • (10³)³=10^9 mm³

Density = mass/volume

Growth rate calculations

Growth rate = [CRUDE BIRTH RATE + immigration] - [(CRUDE DEATH RATE + emigration)]

CBR = crude birth rate = # births per 1000, per year

CDR = crude death rate = # deaths per 1000, per year

(CBR-CDR) / 10 = percent change

Percent change

(where V = value)

The rate of change (percent change) from one period to another =

[(Vpresent - Vpast / Vpast] x 100

Percent difference

Percent difference = (First Value - Second value) / (First Value + Second value) / 2 × 100%

Rule of 70

Doubling time = 70/annual growth rate

Extras I don’t feel like making whole categories for

Population density = number of individuals / unit area

Npp (net primary productivity) = GPP (gross primary productivity) - R (respiration)