2.1-2.3 marine science

-where does the word ocean come from?

ocean comes from okeanos the greek god of the sea

-what is a volcanic island and how do they form?

it is magma that reaches the surface through openings in the crust of the earth

-what are seamounts?

underwater mountains that rises hundreds or thousands of feet from the seafloor

-how do seamounts help support life in the middle of the ocean?

it causes deep ocean currents that bring nutrients

-how are guyouts formed?

guyouts are flattened volcano peaks formed by currents from above

-in what ways can the water level on earth change?

when ice melts

-what are the three types of reefs?How are they different?

Atoll:grows from a volcanic island sunk beneath sea

fringe:grows from the shore

barrier:seperated from land by water

-what is an aseismic ridge and give a well known example of one?

a mountenous structure caused by a hotspot

hawaiian emporor chain

-what is a continental shelf?

a shallow terrace of continental crust forming the edge of a landmass

-what is the continental slope?

seaward boarder of the continental shelf

-what are some of the feautures we find on the ocean basin?

ocean ridges,asesimic ridge,abyssal hills

-what matter covers the abyssal plain and where does it come from?

organic matter that drifted down from above

-when were hydrothermal vents discovered?

hydrothermal vents were discovered in 1977

-what are hydrothermal vents?

hydrothermal vents are ventalated steam found at the bottom of the ocean floor

-where do we find hydrothermal vents and who discovered them?

robert ballard found the vents near volcanoes

-what are important compounds do hydrothermal vents give off?

it produces sulfur silica and hydrogen sulfide that gives off steam

-how hot do hydrothermal vents get?

700 degrees farenheit

-why does the water not boil even though the tempatures are above 100 degrees celsius?

the water doesnt boil because of pressure the immense pressure and intensity increases the boiling waterpoint

-what are archea bacteria?

old ancient bacateria

-what are bacterial mats and how can we compare them to plants on land

bacterial mats are layered communities of microroganisms

-what is the source of energy around these vents?

the source of energy is chemichal energy called chemosynthesis

-how is chemosynthesis and photosynthesis similair and different?

photosynthesis uses sunlight and clorophyll while chemosynthesis uses inroganic chemichal reactions like hydrogen sulfide

-how do tube worms get their energy?

through symbiotic relationship with chemosynthetic bacteria

-how do ventfish get their energy?

by feeding off of other animals such as shrimp

-describe how a cold seep forms and functions?

a cold seep is hydrocarbon resevoirs that turns methane into sugar

-what are whale falls and how do they support life?

bodies of dead whales on the ocean floor creating nutrients that provide as a massive food source

-describe how brine pools form and function?

area where the ocean basin is 3 to 8 times greater created by salt being released from rock

-what is thermohaline circulation?

the slow movements of seawater around the world

-what moves the surface water in the ocean?

wind moves surface water into the ocean

-what causes the movement of water at the poles?how does it work?

the density difference created from extra salt and cold water

-what is the global conveyor belt?

-describe the path of the global conveyor belt?

it travels from north touth pole then recharges then submerges in hot water which circulates through the planet

-how fast does the water in the global conveyor belt move, and how long does it take a drop of water to move around the world?

it moves at slow speeds of cm/per second and it takes 1000 years to move around the world

-what is the importance of the global conveyor belt?(2 major things

vital component of the ocean and its nutreitns as well as carbon cyceles it is the base of the food chain as marine life depends on nutrients and currents