AVS 1510 Lab Midterm

what are stocks used for? - -for restraint allows safe and easy access to any horse that requires home treatment or veterinary attention what does stocks assist for? - -AI -Ultra-sounding -dentals -passing endoscope what is the wood door in the stock called? - a foal stock used if the mare in the stock has a foal What is the only breeding method used at Clemson Equine Center? - AI because its much safer Outside of Clemson, what horse breed is Live Cover very popular with? - thoroughbreds what is a Phantom? - a structure for a stallion to mount to collect its semen what is a tease shoot? - a wall in between the stallion and a mare with a cut out in the wall for the horses to see each other What is a tease shoot used for? - for the stallion to get teased by the mare on the other side of the wall and gets him in the mood to breed. Then the semen is collected when he mounts the phantom what is AV? - artificial vagina that is placed on erection to collect semen what time period are Fresh semens? - 1-2 hours for shipping semen the next day what is used and how long it last? - use ice packs and lasts 48 hours if a semen is not used for a longer period of time what needs to happen to it? - needs to be freeze Mares can breed once they are 3 years but when does Clemson Equine wait until? - Clemson doesn't breed until well into teens Why does Clemson do foaling (birth of baby horse) in stalls instead of pasture? - -Privacy (biggest reason) -easy assistance if needed -allows student to learn About how many weeks are mares placed in stalls before foaling? - about 4-6 weeks before How do they test to know when a Mare is close to foaling? - Test the mares' milk: The pH of mammary fluid from pregnant mares remains around 7.4 for several days leading up to the time of foaling. In many mares, the milk pH drops to approximately 6.4 within 12 hours prior to foaling. How many days is Pregnancy? - 340 days what is a horse's gestation length? - 11 months (abt 335 days) True or False: Gestation and Pregnancy mean the same? - true What is the first stage of foaling? - looks like colics: horse is having stomach pains what is the second stage of foaling? - water breaks, foal is out in 30 minutes what is stage three of foaling? - the placenta passes through what are Ferriers? - a specialist in equine hoof (feet) care At Clemson how long do Ferriers come? - every 4-7 weeks for hoof care what is a horses' most important feed source? - hay what is Coastal Hay? - local, easy to grow, intestinal issues (colic) what is Fescu Hay? - has fungus in it that is good, no negative effects, causes abortions in pregnant mares what is Alfalfa Hay? - high in protein, used as a supplement Why is grain used mostly for middle aged riding horses? - b/c they are high in fat and fiber what are seniors grain good at for horses? - high in fiber and probiotics what is a grain ratio balancer for horses? - has vitamins and minerals what is a grain growth? - used for younger horses, high in protein what is the feedroom used for? - used to track individual feeding how many times do horses eat at Clemson? - 2 times per day what is a filly? - female, 4 years or younger what is a colt? - male, 4 years or younger, not been gelded (castrated) what is a mare? - adult female, fully matured/breeding age What is a broodmare? - mare used for breeding purposes what is a stallion? - uncastrated (gelded) adult male what is gelding? - castrated adult male what is dystocia? - difficult in pregnancy/foaling what is tease? - mare teases stallion before he mounts the phantom what is pedigree? - documentation of heredity what is Conformation? - how a horse is built/the build of a horse what is Green (horse)? - inexperienced/wild horse what are markings (horses)? - coloring of horse (white marks on their face) what are Crossities (cross tie)? - two pieces of rope attached to either side of a wall (it fastens to horses' halter) (holds a horse in place) basic form of restraint for Horses? - halter what is the rope that is used with a halter? - lead rope what is a wash rack? - grooming (racks outside where a horse is hosed off/bathed) what is an arena? - enclosed riding space what is a hotwalker? - mechanically walks horses (involves the horse walking in a circle - usually) what is a Paddock? - small pasture what is a pasture? - grazing area what is grain? - seed from cereal plants what are Salt/Mineral Blocks? - ways for horses to gain salt and minerals (sort of like a block that looks like a rock hanging from a rope) what are Colics? - belly pain, b/c horses are hind fermenters and are prone to digestive problems so they need to be carefully fed what is Coggins test? - tests for equine infectious anemia At clemson how many times are Horses vaccinated? - 1 time per year (spring) How are deworming tested? - fecal analysis how long are deworming tests done at Clemson? - foals are dewormed every 2 months their first year True or False: tapeworms are untraceable? - true how many times are tapeworms tested in horses at Clemson? - 1 once per year True or False: Broodmares get vaccine boosts - true How long are Rabies tested for in horses at Clemson? - 1 once per year what are weanling? - less than 6 weeks (foal) what are yearling? - 1 year old (foal) what years are horses considered young horses? - 1-4 years what years are Senior Horses? - 20-30 years at Clemson at what age are Foals weaned (separated from mare)? - at 5 months what are roundpen used for? - used for training foals and young horses In what are horses measured in? - hands 4" what is a horses' lifespan? - 25 -30 years about how many horses are at clemson? - abt 50 horses At Clemson when does foaling occur? - February what are free range house? - chickens have access to both indoor and outdoor what do free range house provide for chickens? - -protection from predators (wire and electric fence) -shade cloth -turkens and dominiques live there what happens in a Turkey Brooder House (no turkeys)? - -evaporative cooler: pulls air through water and lowers the temperature 5-10 degrees What chicken breeds are in a Turkey Brooder House? - -SCWL (single comb white leghorn), -Minorcas, -Rhode Island reds, -Dominiques What happens in a Solar Brooder House? - -incubator is set to 100F and 50% humidity -spend 18 days in the incubator, turned every hour -spend 3 days in the hatchery -Brooder is set for 100F the first week and decreases by 5F every week after that -Week 4 they are taken out b/c they are fully feathered What happens in a Egg Room? - -Cooler is where eggs are put -Candler and egg grader are used to look to see internal cracked, blood spots and organizes eggs by -kept in cooler 7-10 days before incubation what is a Turkens Chicken Breed? - -look like turkeys but all chicken -have a dual purpose (boiler and layer) What is a Dominiques Chicken breed? - -are endangered -have dual purpose (boiler and layer) -rose comb -woddle what are SCWL (Single Comb White Leghorn) chicken breed? - -white eggs -#1 layers -Italian What are Minorcas Chicken Breed? - -mean -white egg -layers (egg purpose) What are Rhode Island Reds Chicken Breed? - brown eggs What are Cornish Cross Chicken Breed? - -broiler (meat purpose)

8-9 lbs -harvested at 6-8 weeks what is boiler chicken? - raised for meat what is a layer chicken? - grown only to lay eggs what does it mean when a chicken is harvested? - time for a chicken to get killed and ready for machine for meat What is Light Brahmas Chicken Breed? - -lay pink eggs -feathered shanks (leg has feathers) -from india What are Americanas Chicken breed? - -lay teal(blueish) egg What are Tetras Chicken Breed? - -cross of RIR (Rhode Island Red Rooster) -Roosters are white -hens are brown -sex linked what is a hen? - female what is a Rooster? - uncastrated male what is a capon? - castrated male what is a pullet? - young hen, 1 year or younger The color of the egg depends on what? - earlobe color what color egg is a Red earlobe? - brown egg what color egg is a White earlobe? - white egg the first eggs from pullets are? - small and have no yolk what is put in the Clemson Chicken Compost? - -litter, dead birds, old eggs -1 in of material calls for 1 lb of water -need a license to compost -set at 160F b/c that is when most bacteria die -litter and compost can be fertilizer How do you hold a chicken? - hold a chicken close to body, wings tucked what is a Spur? - extra claw What do Clemson Poultry Farm sell? - chickens and eggs and compost what is Molt? - this is where chickens shed their feathers. It is a rest process. Can't lay What is pipping? - chick cracks out of the shell of egg what is Avian Influenza? - disease in birds Clemson doesn't need to vaccinate Birds are already immune gestation period for pigs is? - 114 days (3 months) , 3 weeks, and 3 days what is a pig's estrous cycle length? - 21 days what are farrowing crates? - sows are restricted from moving in these crates to not accidentally crush litter, waste bin locate beneath what is Group Housing? - piglets with 3 days of one another are kept together (housing environment for more than one sow where, after confirmed pregnant, they have the ability to lie down and stand up unimpeded and to turn around) Why are Sows brought to Boar Barn? - to be pushed further into heat At clemson swine farm what type of breeding method did they use? - AI, semen mixed with chemicals to increase longevity what is standing heat? - sow is ready for insemination How many piglets per litter can a Sow have? - 10 piglets per litter How many times can a Sow(already had litter) be bred? - 2 times a year, sometimes 3 strive to breed gilts( has not had litter) are at what length? - 5 months What is a Sow Cycle like? - Gestation Farm -> farrowing house -> back to gestation farm
repeat for 3-4 years until culled (killed) After a Sow gives birth, how many days we wait until she can get re-breed again? - re-bred after 5-7 days of her piglets weaned True or false: Sows can't cycle when lactaing? - true what is a Boar? - non-castrated mature male pig What is a Barrow? - castrated male pig what is a Gilt? - young female that has not farrowed (gave birth to piglets) what is a Sow? - breeding female (already has farrowed before) Time Frame of Piglets after birth? - Day 1: needle teeth dulled, tails docked, notch ears, iron injection, weighed, vaccinated Day 7: males are castrated How long are piglets kept with Sow? - 21 days then sent to nursery for 4-6 weeks what is Finish? - feeding and raising a pig to market weight What is a Farrow? - sow giving birth to litter What does Starkeys Clemson Farm control? - what happens from farrow to finish What is a feeder pig? - weaned pig weighing to be sold to finish for slaughter what is waste of pigs sent through? - gates leading to a lagoon what is a Needle teeth? - sharp teeth in piglets that are dulled down right after birth By what type are pig breeds organized in? - -Colored -Spotted -white -purebred what is maternal? - -produce larger piglets -piglets that gain a lot after weaning -lactate more than more -more fertile
-"a good mother"
what is terminal pig? - breed cross breeds then go to market, good paternal traits what is commercial cross? - companies prefer crossbreeding b/c it produces better traits What do Shire suggests? - suggests erect ears what is a shire? - means erect (ex: Berkshire) How do piglets get ID? - get ear notches to ID them in what ear do Litter ID piglets get? - right ear In what ear do individual ID piglets get? - left ear what do Pig Feed contain? - corn and soy how much pounds of feed do Sows get? - 4 lbs daily how does a Piglets Feeding station look like? - -solid feeder kept full (creed feed) -nipple waters to transition from milk to high protein feed why do farrowing sows get 2x a day fed? - to regain weight back after farrowing what is a Cargill unit? - goes into food nutrition For meat, when are pigs harvested (ready for meat industry)? - at 270 lbs at 5 months how are pigs kept cool? - -drip mechanism for farrowing sows -sows during gestation have air passing through sprinklers and tarp when cold -Nursery is at a controlled temperature for warmth what is the number one reason for why piglets are culled? - reproductive inefficiency is the number one reason for it What is a Board? - the most beneficial way to move hogs What are maternal ward? - when sows are washed and disinfected 3-4 days before farrowing what is a Gestation House? - where sows wait to give birth and are grouped What is a Sow's ID card? - -used to keep track of when she was bred -who bred her -when her next heat is true or false: pigs can't sweat? - true gestation length for cows? - 283 days (9 months) where are the Cow's stickers kept? - on their backs what does it mean when a cow is mounted? - it means she is in standing heat and is able to breed When a Cow's sticker turns orange what does it mean? - ready to breed why do Cows need to have a calf (baby)? - to be able to produce milk when are cows ready to bred? - about 12 to 15 months old so at 2 years she can calf what is a cow's estrous period? - 9 months (21 days) what is a Cow's first milk? - colostrum can humans consume colostrum milk? - no we can't what is colostrum for calfs? - has immunity for calves Lactation period for cows? - 305 days after calf is born Why do we give 60 days for cows? - to dry up then rebreed True or False: calves are born all year round? - true What happens after 60 days after calf? - the cow will produce the most amount of milk and after that it will plateau True or False: As soon as calf is born it is taken from mother? - true Process after calf is taken from mother? - -Fed 2x per day with bottles of colostrum -weaned(stop) from milk at 8 weeks what is Mastitis? - bacterial infection from unclean utter what is quarter? - each of the 4 teats what is withdrawal in cows? - -when a cow takes meds -for 60 days their milk can't be used so it is dumped out whaat is gray water? - water containing urine and feces that is drained by the sloped-ground what is a button canal? - -Cut into the rumen -access the rumen to see what feed digests best -harvest digested food from the rumen to run tests -put good rumen bacteria in rumen to fight diseases what is a rumen in cow? - stomach of the cow what is Fresh Cow? - just started lacation what is Kaylen gates? - used for research what is TMR (Total mixed ration)? - goal is that each cow can consume the required level of nutrients in each bite, includes forages, grain, proteins, vitamins and minerals what is Hutch? - individual pen with shelter and outdoor area where calves live the first few weeks what is parlor? - where cows are milked what are the Days of Milk for Cows? - the 50 - 70 day period when a cow has been producing milk what is Silos? - for storage, holds feed and supplies what is a Dam? - mother of calf what is a Sire? - father of calf what is Chain Collar? - used for ID, goes around neck what is brisket Board? - wooden board used to help cows lay down what is Cull? - exit of cows from herd b/c of sale or slaughter What is the milk tank? - -below 40F -just holds the milk -33,000 lbs of milk -sample is collected before put on the truck When do cows go to hospital? - -Injuries -sicknesses -specialized surgery schute what is Lower Displaced Abomasum? - when cows calf they will have an 80-110 lb calf removed, organs may get shifted around after calving What are Cows' feed? - -always filled troughs -3 day old feed is taken out and replaced -new feed is given every 8-12 hours Where are lactating Cows in? - Free style barn Process of milking cows from Clemson's Lamster Adair milking machine? - -100-200 head -Arm pre rinses utter -Re milks cow for leftover milk -Sprays off utter -Maintains proper udder structure -Records what cow was milked, when, more -Stripping- milks residual milk -It can tell when a cow is on medication and will dump that milk -Milked at least 2 times per day What breeds are at Clemson dairy farm? - -Jersey- quality not quantity -Holstein- quantity not quality -Swiss- mix of both Process of Processing Plants where the milk from each farms get evaluated? - -Takes the samples and test them -If test fails, it is dumped -U pay if your milk fails the test -Undertow 2 process -Pasteurization- heats it up to kill bacteria -Homogenization- mix it all together what does the Free style barn have inside? - -Automatic Scratching post -Sand in each stall -High ceiling for airflow -Sloped concrete slabs to drain urine and feces Why is Sand used in the Free Style Barn? - -it can be reused -it doesn't hold a lot of bacteria like shavings -easy to clean up -inorganic -dries out fast Which of the following would be considered the most appropriate time to wean a litter of pigs? - 21 days Which of the following values is the most accurate in describing the average number of pigs born in one litter? - 10 The term _ means standing heat. - Lordosis Which of the following is the most accurate in describing the average size of a top or market hog? - 270 pounds Which of the following facilities are considered environmentally controlled at the swine center? - Nursery, farrowing house During their time in the nursery, pigs have constant access to the sow. - False Which of the following practices are completed prior to pigs leaving the farrowing house? - Castration of male offspring, ear notching, tail docking, iron injectiom A pig has the natural instinct to root and . - Chew Pigs do not have the ability to sweat - True The swine operation at starkey center is considered a "farrow to finish" operation - True Free range birds at the Morgan Poultry center have free access to outdoor space. - True Which of the following are NOT considered a predator at the poultry center? - Groundhogs Hens and roosters have the same type of tail feathers - False All birds are vaccinated at the poultry center. - False Ground dwelling birds typically have toes that point forward and one toe that points back. - 3 A chicken egg requires an incubation time of _ days. - 21 Egg color is indicated by the color of a hen's . - Earlobe The poultry center specializes in marketing fresh chicken to local members of the community on a weekly basis. - False Where do hens lay their eggs at the poultry center? - Next box Dead birds are disposed of at the poultry center by . - Composting them The gestation length in dairy cattle is approximately _ days. - 284 Milk from cows that have been treated with antibiotics goes into the bulk tank and is later used for human consumption. - False At the LeMaster Dairy Center, calves are weaned from milk at approximately _ weeks. - 8 TMR stands for . - Total Mixed Ration Cattle are bred primarily via artificial insemination at LeMaster dairy. - True Washing of the tears prior to milking helps reduce the number of cells in the milk. - Somatic Milk for human consumption is pasteurized and homogenized in the bulk tank at LeMaster dairy. - False A fresh cow is a cow that __. - Has recently calved Which of the following breeds are not present at LeMaster dairy? - Shorthorn Which of the following help ensure cow comfort in the free stall barn at LeMaster dairy? - Fans and misters Stocks are used as a form of restraint at the CUEC. Which of the following would not require the use of stocks? - Tying young horses What does Coggins test for? - Equine Infectious Anemia The CUEC only utilizes artificial insemination for breeding. - True Which of the following most accurately describes the gestation length in horses? - 11 months Feed is measured only by volume at CUEC. - False During which of the following seasons does the CUEC vaccinate horses? - Spring and fall Which of the following is not represented at the CUEC? - Thoroughbred racing Stallion - Intact adult male Gelding - Castrated adult male Mare - Adult female Filly - Young female Colt - Young male
Which of the following individuals trims a horses hooves? - Farrier Which of the following items is used as the basic form of restraint? - Halter