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Unit 1: Global Tapestry (1200-1450)

  • East Asia:
    • Song Dynasty: Ruled with Neo-Confucianism and the civil service exam.
    • Buddhism: Remained a major belief system.
    • Champa Rice: Increased food production, spread to Korea and Japan.
  • Dar al-Islam (The World of Islam):
    • Caliphate System: Declined after Abbasid Caliphate fell to the Mongols.
    • Turks: Established sultanates (Islamic kingdoms).
    • Contributions: Advanced math, science, medicine, and intellectual pursuits.
  • South and Southeast Asia:
    • Buddhism and Hinduism: Influenced the region.
    • Sufism: Mystical branch of Islam, attracted converts.
  • The Americas:
    • Incas: Centralized power through road systems and the Mita labor system.
    • Aztecs: Centralized power through human sacrifice and Chinampas (lake farms).
  • Africa:
    • State Building: Focus on Mali and the Trans-Saharan trade.
    • Great Zimbabwe and the Swahili Coast.
  • Europe:
    • Feudalism: Serfs working on manors, decentralized government.

Unit 2: Networks of Exchange (1200-1450)

  • Trade Routes:
    • Silk Road: East meets West, trading cities like Kashgar and Samarkand emerged.
      • Luxury Goods: Silk and porcelain.
      • Economic Innovations: Banking houses and flying cash.
    • Indian Ocean Trade: Maritime version of the Silk Road.
      • Luxury Goods and Technology: Similar to Silk Road.
      • Diaspora: Communities living away from their homeland (e.g., Chinese in Malacca).
      • Admiral Zheng He: Famous for voyages along this route.
      • Monsoon Winds: Seasonal winds knowledge of them was required.
    • Trans-Saharan Trade: Connected Dar al-Islam to Sub-Saharan Africa.
      • Trade: Salt and gold.
      • Travelers: Ibn Battuta.
      • Mansa Musa: Famous hajj.
  • Consequences of Trade:
    • Environmental: Bubonic plague, Champa rice, citrus fruits.
    • Cultural: Spread of Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam.
      • Travelers: Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta.
      • Technological: Gunpowder, algebra, compass.
  • The Mongols:
    • Empires turned into Khanates.
    • Facilitated exchange of ideas, technologies, and diseases.

Unit 3: Land-Based Empires (1450-1750)

  • Gunpowder Empires:
    • Manchus (Qing Dynasty in China):
      • Invaded China, maintained Neo-Confucianism and civil service exam.
      • Q haircut: Sign of loyalty.
      • Centralized power on the banner system.
    • Ottomans:
      • Captured Constantinople in 1453, renamed it Istanbul.
      • Sunni Muslim.
      • Devshirme: Built army and bureaucracy, including Janissaries.
      • Tax Farming: Selling the right to tax.
    • Mughals:
      • Islamic group ruling Hindu majority in India.
      • Religiously tolerant, especially under Akbar the Great.
      • Taj Mahal.
    • Safavids:
      • Shia empire between Sunni Ottomans and Mughals.
  • Other Land-Based Empires:
    • Aztecs and Incas.
    • Songhai: Took over from Mali in West Africa.
    • Tokugawa Japan:
      • Military Shogunate, eventually isolated country (sakoku).
  • Belief Systems:
    • Protestant Reformation: Martin Luther.
    • Sikhism: Based on teachings of Guru Nanak, blending Hinduism and Islam.

Unit 4: Maritime Empires (1450-1750)

  • Technology:
    • Caravels (Portuguese and Spanish), Dutch Fluyt, Astrolabe (Islamic), Compass (Chinese), Latin Sails.
  • European Empires:
    • Portuguese:
      • Prince Henry: Sought route around Africa, spread Christianity.
      • Established a school for navigators.
      • Reached Brazil and India.
      • Took control of Spice Islands, started Transatlantic slave trade.
    • Spanish:
      • Empire in the Americas.
      • Viceroyalties: Ruled by viceroys.
      • Defeated Aztecs and Incas.
      • Encomienda System: New world feudalism.
      • Extracted cash crops (sugar, coffee) and silver (Potosi).
      • Spread Catholicism with priests like Bartolomé de las Casas and Our Lady of Guadalupe.
    • Trading Post Empire: Established small posts for trade rather than large land control.
    • Joint Stock Companies:
      • Government-sponsored monopolies with public investment.
      • British East India Company: Dominated India.
      • Dutch VOC: Dominated Indonesia, controlled the spice trade.
  • Columbian Exchange:
    • Exchange of plants, animals, and diseases across the Atlantic.
  • Indigenous Resistance:
    • Revolts: Queen Nanny in Jamaica.
    • African Resistance: Nzinga in Angola.
    • Local Groups: Hindu Marathas against Mughals, Cossacks against Russia.
    • Tokugawa Ieyasu: Isolated Japan.
  • Social Systems:
    • Casta System: Hierarchy in the New World based on race.
    • Banner System (China), Millets (Ottoman Empire).
    • Impact of coerced labor: Chattel slavery, encomienda system.

Unit 5: Revolutions (1750-1900)

  • Political Revolutions:
    • Roots in the Enlightenment: Natural rights and reason.
    • American Revolution: Taxation without representation.
    • French Revolution: Against absolute monarchy (Louis XVI).
    • Haitian Revolution: Slave revolt against the French.
    • Latin American Revolutions: Led by Bolivar against the Spanish.
    • Nationalism: Shared beliefs of a nation to run the state.
  • Industrial Revolution:
    • Started in Great Britain: Access to resources, capital, urban areas.
    • Factory System: Mass production in factories.
    • James Watt: Improved steam engine.
    • Key Innovations: Steam engine, internal combustion engine, railroads, telegraph.
    • Decline in Asian Production: European factories grew.
    • Government Implementation: Meiji Restoration in Japan, self-strengthening movement in Qing China.
    • Adam Smith and Capitalism: Laissez-faire policies, transnational businesses like Unilever and HSBC.
    • Social Changes: Women's rights movements, the rise of the working class, Karl Marx and communism.

Unit 6: Consequences of Industrialization (1750-1900)

  • Imperialism:
    • Industrial powers expanding into empires.
    • Excuses: Racist policies, civilizing missions, social Darwinism.
    • Reasons: Access to raw materials and markets.
    • Empires: Americans, British, Japanese, Russians, and French.
    • Settler Colonies: British in Australia.
  • Key Events:
    • Berlin Conference: Determined the future of Africa.
    • Sepoy Mutiny: Led to the British Raj in India.
    • Century of Humiliation: China faced Opium Wars, Taiping Rebellions, and Sino-Japanese Wars.
  • Economic Domination:
    • Banana Republics in Latin America.
    • Opium Wars in China.
    • Export Economies: Focused on cotton, rubber, palm oil, guano.
  • Resistance to Imperialism:
    • Sepoy Mutiny in India.
    • Túpac Amaru II in Peru.
    • Xhosa Cattle Killing Movement in South Africa.
  • Migrations:
    • Growth of Cities: London, New York, Buenos Aires.
    • Push Factors: Irish potato famine, Chinese Century of Humiliation.
    • Pull Factors: Job opportunities.
    • Enclaves: Little Italy, Chinatowns.
    • Restrictions: Chinese Exclusion Act, White Australia policy.

Unit 7: Global Conflict (1900-Present)

  • Decline of Empires:
    • Qing, Russian, and Ottoman Empires collapsed.
  • World War I:
    • Causes: Imperialism, alliance systems, nationalism.
    • Catalyst: Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
    • Characteristics: Total war, propaganda, new military tactics (machine guns, gas, tanks).
  • Interwar Period:
    • Great Depression: Government intervention in economies.
    • Growing Tensions: Resistance to empires.
    • Rise of Dictatorships: Italy, Spain, Germany.
  • World War II:
    • Catalyst: Aggression of totalitarian states.
    • Characteristics: Total war, propaganda, new military technology (firebombing, atomic bombs).
  • Mass Atrocities:
    • The Holocaust.
    • Armenian Genocide.
    • Cambodian Communist Genocide.

Unit 8: Cold War and Decolonization (1900-Present)

  • Cold War:
    • Split World: US (capitalism, democracy) vs. Soviet Union (dictatorship, communism).
    • Alliances: NATO (US), Warsaw Pact (Soviet Union), Non-Aligned Movement.
    • Proxy Wars: Vietnam War, Soviet-Afghan War.
    • China Turns Communist: Under Mao Zedong, Great Leap Forward.
    • End of Cold War: 1991, Soviet Union fell.
  • Decolonization:
    • Anti-imperialist movements.
    • United Nations: Right to self-determination.
    • Methods: Nonviolence (Kwame Nkrumah, Gandhi) and violence (Algeria, Vietnam).
    • New Borders: Led to conflicts, such as in India and Israel.
    • Economic Growth: In Tanzania, Egypt, and India.

Unit 9: Globalization (1900-Present)

  • Technology:
    • Planes, radio, cell phones, container ships.
  • Energy:
    • Petroleum, nuclear, solar, and wind power.
  • Social Changes:
    • Birth Control: Women's reproductive rights.
    • Green Revolution: Increased crop production.
    • Antibiotics and Vaccines: Control diseases.
    • Persistent Diseases: Alzheimer's, HIV/AIDS.
    • Pandemics: 1918 Spanish Flu.
    • Environmental Impact: Greenhouse gases.
  • Economic Policies:
    • Free Market: Deng Xiaoping in China, Chile.
    • Regional Trade Networks: NAFTA, ASEAN.
  • Cultural Globalization:
    • Bollywood, World Cup.
  • International Institutions:
    • United Nations.