Having originated in and being produced, growing, living, or occurring naturally in a particular region or environment.

• INNATE

• INBORN

During early, times our ancestors have developed alternative ideas in explaining various phenomena and in explaining the world around them.

INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM

• Is embedded in the daily life experiences of young children as they grow up.

• a prominent practice, and lessons people learned are intimately interwoven with their culture and the environment.

  EXAMPLES: Indigenous Knowledge System

• Key facts; Female Genital Mutilation

  ‘‘KHATNA OR KHAFZ’’ within the Bora community.

  FGM includes procedures that intentionally alter or cause injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.

  The procedure has no health benefits for girls and women.

  FGM is a violation of the human rights of girls and women.

EXAMPLES OF INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE THAT ARE TAUGHT & PRACTICED BY INDIGENOUS PEOPLE:

• Observing animal behavior and celestial bodies.

• Predicting weather conditions and seasons.

• The use of herbal medicine.

  114 plants used by the Tadyawans

  MEDICINE: Herbolarios, Tuob, Anino

• Preserving foods

  Etag

  Pagbuburo - Involves salting but drying is not in equation. Mostly used in the Mountainous area.

  Pickling - The process to preserve food with salt water or vinegar.

• Classifying plants and animals into families and groups based on cultural properties.

  According to Waddy in 1988, aboriginal people classify plants and animals in various ways, with the simplest being the binary classification (plants, diseased and healthy).

  Being totemic or non-totemic. (Kinship or mystical relationship with a spirit being.)

• Preserving and selecting good seeds for planting.

• The use of indigenous technology in daily lives.

  TRADITIONAL FISHING:

  Spear fishing

  Muro-ami

  Blast fishing

  Pukot

  Salakab

• Building local irrigation systems.

• Classification of soil for planting based on cultural properties.

  Loamy sand, Sandy clay, Silty clay.

• Producing wines and juices from tropical fruits.

  Bahalina

  Lambanog

• Keeping custom of growing plants and vegetables in the yard.

In Cebu: “KUMPISAW” feathers are used to predict upcoming weather. When it flies with its tail feather spread out a storm will definitely come.

In Bicol: ‘‘ANINO’’ The leaves of the plant acts like a weather monitor. “ SOLAY BAGYO” If its leaves are drawn into the stem, it is a warning that a typhoon is coming.

PREDICTION OF WEATHER (NORTH)

• Puwek ni kiling (storm of the kiling)

• Shining moon with rainbow encircling or a bloody red sunset

PREDICTION OF WEATHER (SOUTH)

• Kasili (mythical fish)

• In new year, when the cow or horse eat grass, wail, it meant drought

• When the goats repeatedly wail, there will be landslide

INDIGENOUS SCIENCE & CULTURE

CULTURES Are customary beliefs, social forms and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group.

• BRIDE KIDNAPPING also known as marriage by abduction or marriage by capture, is a practice in which a man abducts the woman he wishes to marry.

It continues to occur in countries:

• CENTRAL ASIA

• CAUCASUS REGION

• PARTS OF AFRICA

• HMONG IN SOUTH ASIA

• TZELTAL IN MEXICO

• ROMANI IN EUROPE

INDIGENOUS SCIENCE

Is part of the indigenous knowledge system practiced by different groups of poeple and early civilization.

LUZON - IGOROTS

VISAYAS - NEGRITOS & ILONGGOTS

MINDANAO - BADJAO

Sibisi 2004, pointed out that indigenous science provide the basics of astronomy, pharmacology, food technology or metallurgy.

INDIGENOUS BELIEFS

1. Motivating Attitudes

   Respect for others

   Stewardships of the earth (care for the environment)

   Community centered goals

2. Cooperating attitudes

   Collective responsibility - working together for the common good.

   Consensus Decision-Making - all voices are heard.

   Reciprocity - Mutual exchange and support, ensuring that cooperation is based on giving and receiving.

3. Practical Approach

   Sustainable Practices - Use of natural resources, using traditional ecological knowledge

   Hands-on Learning - Skills passed down through experiential and learning

   Adaptation and Resilience - Preserving cultural integrity

4. Reflective Approach

   Spiritual Reflection - rituals, storytelling and meditative practices.

   Self Identity and Community Ride - Understanding one’s role in the community

   Learning from the past - Understanding that the past offers valuable lessons for the present and future