sports science

B.1.1: Anatomical position, planes and movement

Anatomical terminology Key terms words:

• Inferior

  Below or further away from the head

• Superior

  Above or nearer to the head

• Proximal

  Nearer to where a limb attaches to the body

• Distal

  Further away from where a limb attaches ****the body

• Posterior

  Behind or nearer to the back

• Anterior

  In front of or nearer to the front

• Internal

  Located inside or further away from the surface

• External

  Located on or near the surface

• Lateral

  Further way from the midline of the body

• Medial

  Closer to the

  of the body

• Intermediate

  Between two structures, one of which is medial and one of which is lateral

Skeletal system

• The axial component contains 80 bones and includes the skull, ribs, sternum and vertebral column.

• The appendicular component has 126 bones and includes the pectoral (shoulder) girdle, the pelvic (hip) girdle and the b ones of the upper and lower extremities(the arms and legs)

Axial component of the skeleton

1. Skull

• Sits on top of the vertebral column

• Divided into the cranium and the face

• As well as protecting the brain, also protect the eyes and ears and contain the teeth

1. Vertebral column

• 33 vertebrae in the body

• It’s flexible enough to bends forwards, backwards, to the side, and rotates

• Vertebrae bare divided into five sections(Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccygeal)

• Make up about 40% of the total height

1. Sternum

• Flat bone that starts at the bottom of the throat

• Halfway down the chest in the centre

1. Ribs

• Curved bone

• Connect with the sternum at the front and the thoracic vertebrae at the back

• The intercostal muscles which are essential to breathing, are located in between ribs, which is why damage to the ribs affects breathing

Appendicular component of the skeleton

1. Upper body

• The pectoral(shoulder) girdles are formed by the clavicles and scapulae

• The humerus

Function of the skeleton